political organisation of the acholi

Since 1996 this policy has expanded to encompass the entire rural Acholi population of four districts, one million people. It was also during this period that the name Acholi was coined by the Arab traders, calling The Luo, (also spelled Lwo) are several ethnically and linguistically related Nilo-Semitic ethnic groups that inhabit an area ranging from Egypt and Sudan to South Sudan and Ethiopia, through Northern Uganda and eastern Congo (DRC), into western Kenya, and the Mara Region of Tanzania. The history and politics of ethnicity and language 37. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. In 2009, Acholi was one of the six Ugandan languages identified as having more than one Nairobi: Oxford University Press. When Britain established its rule during the early twentieth century, both ideological predisposition and practical utility prompted the colonizers to consider the Acholi a "tribe" and to administer the area as a "tribal" unit. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. With independence, the Acholi remained marginal within the framework of Uganda as a whole, with one crucial exception: their disproportionate numbers in the police and army. ." Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. From the Village to Entebbe: The Acholi of Northern Uganda and . Corn (maize), sorghum, beans, squash, peanuts (groundnuts), and other savanna crops also are grown. //. This complex process was helped along by two major droughts, probably during the 1720s and c. 1790, which promoted larger-scale political leadership that held the promise of greater stability and security, and by the formation of neighboring identities against which members of an emergent Acholi could compete, compare, and define themselves. Following the [18] It is important because it is intended to restore communities to balance, and to bring people back into relation in their home communities, where ideally they would return at the end of the war. This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. With the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in Sudan in 2005, and the establishment of the ex-rebel government in newly independent South Sudan in territory in which the LRA once operated freely, those lines of support have been substantially weakened, if not severed altogether. While rwodi, members of royal lineages, and lineage heads all seem to have been somewhat better off than others before the latter part of the nineteenth century, social stratification appears limited, owing primarily to both limited wealth in the society and redistribution. Political Organization Defined A political organization subject to Code section 527 is a party, committee, association, fund or other organization (whether or not incorporated) organized and operated primarily for the purpose of directly or indirectly accepting contributions or making expenditures, or both, for an exempt function. Dances and other activities surrounding spirit possession seem to have been originally introduced from Bunyoro in the early nineteenth century and then became more wide-spread during the tumultuous years of the latter part of that century. This conflict lasted until 2008 and ended with the LRA fleeing to Eastern As droughts and The available evidence suggests that conflict in Acholi before the end //]]>, ETHNONYMS: Acoli, Acooli; historically: Gani, Lango, Lo-Gang, Shuuli. be possessed by a spirit named Lakwena, the so-called Holy Spirit Movement fought a rebellion (UNHCR, 2012). [10], The Acholi are known to the outside world mainly because of the long insurgency of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) led by Joseph Kony, an Acholi from Gulu. The cookie also tracks the behavior of the user across the web on sites that have Facebook pixel or Facebook social plugin. Encyclopedia of World Cultures. This paper is a case study analysis of the sociological phenomena of forgiveness occurring in an ongoing two-decade war in northern Uganda. The civil war devastated the lives and livelihoods of the Acholi people of the north. The This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Song of Lawino, one of the most successful African literary works, was written by Okot p'Bitek, published in 1966 in Acholi, and later translated to English. The data collected including the number visitors, the source where they have come from, and the pages visted in an anonymous form. Both Protestant and Catholic missionaries were active in Acholi from early colonial rule, providing written Luo religious, educational, and historical texts and producing a local educated elite, all of which fostered the further development of an Acholi identity within the colonial context of "tribal" culture, consciousness, and politics. He understood the emergence of an Acholi identity as a final step in a social process that did not 30. Despite their common language and ethnic designation, the Acholi of Uganda and the southern Sudan have distinct origins and developed along different historical trajectories; the remainder of this cultural summary will focus on the more populous Uganda Acholi. The long civil war in the North has destroyed much of their society. It is part of the Southern Lwoo languages This disorder in Acholi contrasts sharply with the solid organisation of Buganda, which always has a centralized, well-thought out and weighted responses to critical issues such as land and political contention that affect the kingdom. friendly, but after the inception of the British Protectorate of Uganda in 1894, which included Ocheng, D. O. of them innocent civilianslost their lives; from the mid-1980s Encyclopedia of World Cultures. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customised ads. Localized lineages have been the fundamental social units in Acholi, with chiefdoms providing a layer of organization above the lineages from the late seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries. Marriage. Political Organization. Identification. with chiefdoms providing a layer of organization above the lineages from The full integration of the Acholi into the British colonial complex happened comparatively late. The rwot was the most important political, economic and social personality in the political entity of 'chiefdoms', which were installed in Acholiland in the late seventeenth, early eighteenth century. Other uncategorised cookies are those that are being analysed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The word 'Acholi' is a misnomer that became adopted for convenience over the years. They were also against the power consolidation approach of the NRA, which included mass arrest, torturing, killing, cattle raiding, food crop destruction, and looting and burning of villages. Large, dry-season hunts were an important part of the precolonial economy; these gradually decreased in significance as the varied roster of both large and small game animals dwindled over the twentieth century. "Kony's Message: A New Koine?". Under Ugandan Pres. These rebellions sprung up in defiance and from disapproval of the conduct and legitimacy of the new NRA government. more. (p. 34). [17] Most of the LRA returnees, numbering 12,000, underwent nyono tong gweno ('stepping on the egg') after returning to their home villages, to help restore them to home. Medicine. During the colonial period, political leadership in Acholi was Dwyer, John Orr (1972) 'The Acholi of Uganda: adjustment to imperialism'. [16] In addition, the people have important rituals for cleansing homes and sites, to welcome back people who have been away a long time, to clear spirits from places where killings have occurred, and to welcome people who have been captive. the nations capital Kampala in 1988. With colonial rule came a new hierarchy of chiefs, clerks, and policemen, all under the authority of a district commissioner. Museveni has held absolute power since, surviving unrest, civil war, and numerous attempts at coups. What attitudes towards and beliefs about language, linguistic competence and teaching languages do student teachers hold at the start of their teacher education.. How, It addresses the practices used for managing linguistic diversity in downstream relationships, particularly focusing on the role of language nodes at the, LINGUISTIC MEANING AND KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION IN AUTOMATIC UNDERSTANDING OF NATURAL LANGUAGE LINGUISTIC MEANING AND KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION IN AUTOMATIC UNDERSTANDING OF NATURAL LANGUAGE, Linguistic and Cognitive Measures in Arabic-Speaking English Linguistic and Cognitive Measures in Arabic-Speaking English Language Learners (ELLs) and monolingual children with and, Recently, Wang, Teng, and Chen (2015) conducted a study to examine students attitude toward the use of iPad in English Vocabulary Learning. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Idi Amin (1971-79) the Acholi were severely persecuted and their men systematically executed for their past association with the colonial army and for their support of Pres. The Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) under the leadership of Joseph Kony has waged a war against Yoweri Museveni's government. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Politics has been around for millennia. When the victorious NRA started violent acts of vengeance in the following years, Since the Lords Resistance Army was largely pushed out of Northern Uganda, the majority of Acholi more than 80 per cent have been able to return to their homes. Political Organization. Kinship Terminology. This has continued in various guises ever since. We have a small favour to ask: if you appreciate our work, would you mind considering making a donation to support our work? The relationship between the Acholi and the British had for a long time been rather loose and The conflict", UGANDA: 1,000 displaced die every week in war-torn north - report | Uganda | Refugees/IDPs, UGANDA/DRC: OPERATION RUDIA II UPDATE 2009-06-29, "The Anguish of Northern Uganda - Section 1 - Uganda", Sample of written Acholi from the Language Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acholi_people&oldid=1142669727, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. At its peak in 2005 over Western Nilotic Eastern Nilotic Southern Nilotic, Burun Lwoo Nuer-Dinka Teso-Turkana Bari Maa-Lotuko, North South Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 102-104, Southern Sudan and the Government of the Republic of the South Sudan, State Minister for Foreign Affairs (International Affairs), https://www.peoplegroups.org/explore/GroupDetails.aspx?peid=15068#topmenu, "2014 Uganda Population and Housing Census Main Report", https://www.peoplegroups.org/explore/GroupDetails.aspx?peid=14887#topmenu, James Ojent Latigo, Chapter 4: "Northern Uganda tradition-based practices in the Acholi region, 1.

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