mi kmaq family names in newfoundland

Byrne, Chaffey, Fahey, Fizzard, Fudge, Grouchy, Hynes, Inkpen, Lyver, McLaughlin, Miles, Murphy, Puddester, Quirk -- the names themselves are evocative of Newfoundland. to relocate to government-designated reserves. [5] They visited the island and hunted along the south coast as far east as Placentia Bay before returning to Unamaki[citation needed]. From sparks of fire that Glooscap commanded to come forth, came seven men and seven women the founding families of the seven Migmagi districts. upon reserve lands. 1988. Vignettes of Bay St. George Micmacs. (Migmak, allies; Nigmak, our allies.Hewitt). Some historians 1900 - Mi'kmaq family in South West Nova Scotia. The Creator made the sky, the sun, Mother Earth and then the first humans: ). With the Maliseet, Passamaquoddy, Penobscot and Abenaki peoples, the Mikmaq make up the Wabanaki Confederacy, a confederation of nations politically active at least from contact with Europeans to the present. View Public Profile. Nova Scotia has 13 Mi'kmaq First Nations with community populations ranging from 283 in the Annapolis Valley First Nation to 4,314 in the Eskasoni First Nation. The Mikmaq (also Mi'gmaq, Lnu, Mikmaw or Migmaw; English: / m m /; Mikmaq: ) are a First Nations people of the Northeastern Woodlands, indigenous to the areas of Canada's The Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation. They began to prepare for a legal action regarding the enrollment process should lobbying fail. This article is converted from Wikipedia: Noel Jeddore. [15][16] The 2013 agreement tightened rules and criteria thus leaving 80,000+ applicants rejected in its wake. Louis Mius de SAR 5. Contemporary Mikmaq communities are located As a direct result, the Mikmaq First Nations Assembly of Newfoundland Inc. (also known as MFNAN) was incorporated on May 23, 2013 as a newly formed group which originated initially as an advocacy group called the Qalipu Watchdogs in support of the many unprocessed applications awaiting acceptance to the Qalipu band. Mikmaq oral tradition explains that the world was created in seven stages. But when they became Christian, they turned into a very weak people".52, Category:1865_births Category:1944_deaths Category:20th-century_First_Nations_people Category:Canadian_exiles Category:Dominion_of_Newfoundland_people Category:Indigenous_leaders_in_Atlantic_Canada Category:Mi'kmaq_people Category:People_from_Newfoundland_(island), A signed statement of this information mentioned I the Holy Cross Annual, 1961, signed by Joseph Jeddore and witnessed by John Denny Jeddore and John Benoit Sr. was sent to P.W. the night of 17 October. The Government of Canada had expected band membership to be similar to the membership of the Federation of Newfoundland Indians, around 5,000 people. Main Index: Native/First Peoples/Metis Surnames| Census Extracts, This is a FINDING AIDE where I place links to Canadian settler records that recorded individuals that are now recognized (and self identify) as Dene. 26 p.242 Register. Discover your DNA story and unlock the secrets of your ancestry and genealogy with our DNA kits for ancestry and the worlds most comprehensive DNA database. They pay 60 to 70 cents a pound for their tobacco, 20 to 30 cents for gunpowder, and 10 cents for shot. There is some historical evidence that the Mi'kmaq were living in Newfoundland by the 16th century, Alternative names for the Mikmaq appear in some historical sources and include Gaspesians, Souriquois and Tarrantines. Louis Leon Muise 10. The Royal Proclamation of 1763, though it established Indigenous rights in much of Canada, did not mention Maritime colonies. When community members reported this to St. Croix he interpreted it to mean that Jeddore was threatening murder.4546 He called the RCMP and Jeddore was given the choice of going to jail or exile. Protesters erected blockades on Highway 11 and several organizers were arrested. In total, there are 16,245 registered Indians in Nova Scotia and of these, 5,877 live off-reserve (Source: Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC) Indian Registry System as of December 31, 2014). Phone: 506-836-6100. However, historians and elders dispute this claim. Communities were related by alliance and kinship. The Ktaqmkuk Place Names Project aims to capture and record this information, these place names and what they mean, for our knowledge, and for future generations. As with many Indigenous peoples in Canada, the Mikmaq are strongly affected by the lasting trauma of residential schools. Wabanaki. They originally crossed from Cape Breton and settled in St. Georges Bay, from where they travelled the island hunting and tending extensive trap lines. Oral history and archeological evidence place the Mikmaq In 1999, a report by the Nova Scotia Mikmaw Language Centre of Excellence indicated fewer than 3,000 fluent speakers. The Act is seen as a step toward reconciliation. Collectively, the 13 Mikmaw Chiefs comprise the Assembly of Nova Scotia Mikmaq Chiefs, the highest level of decision-making in the negotiation and consultation processes in Nova Scotia, supported by the Kwilmukw Maw-klusuaqn Negotiation Office, also known as the Mikmaq Rights Initiative. Posted by Evelyn Yvonne Theriault | Aboriginal and Intergovernmental Relations. In the past, the Grand Chief (Kji Sagamaw or Kji Saqmaw) was the head of state for the collective Mikmaq political body, which consisted of captains (keptins or kjikeptan), who led the council, wampum readers (putus or putus), who maintained treaty and traditional laws, and soldiers (smagnis), who 2. In his MA thesis Butler citing Jackson described how under the leadership of Jeddore, the Mikmaq in the Bay DEspoir "lived in greater isolation and so were able both to retain their language well into the twentieth century and to continue their traditional practices of living as hunter-gatherers and commercial trappers. In October 2013, members of the Elsipogtog First Nation in New Brunswick organized a demonstration against natural gas fracking being conducted on Crown land near their community. The Mikmaq Cemetery (Borden # DeAn-08) is located on Stephens Road in the Town of Gambo, NL. Mi'kmaq have argued[citation needed] that in addition, a group of Mi'kmaq lived on the island for hundreds of years. They said that, while the government of Canada may have jurisdiction over who is an Indian, they do not have the constitutional right to determine who is a Mikmaw. Other dedicated Aboriginal organizations operating in Nova Scotia include: Mikmaq Family and Childrens Services, the Mikmaw Legal Support Network, the Mikmaq Association for Cultural Studies, the Mikmaw Economic Benefits Office and the Unamaki Institute of Natural Resources. mi kmaq family names in newfoundland. Want to know how you are related to anybody ? Western Genealogical and Historical Association of Newfoundland and Labrador. Discover your DNA story and unlock the secrets of your ancestry and genealogy with our DNA kits for ancestry and the worlds most comprehensive DNA database. Registration date 25 June 1726. such as the Indian Act. experimental tactics, and had disastrous effects on the communities. Mi'kmaw Language Act. in relations between the Mikmaq and the French. As a result, they quickly suffered depopulation and socio-cultural disruption. In 1970, there were approximately 6,000 Mikmaq speakers, compared to the nearly 9,000 reported in 2016. Last Name Email Address * Donation Total: $20.00 Mikmaq First Nations Assembly of Newfoundland is a not-for-profit provincial organization is to be a single voice to promote and develop the awareness of the MiKmaq of Newfoundland. Thousands of woodland caribou roamed the bush and barrens. ", "In Newfoundland, too many want recognition as Mi'kmaq Indians, federal government says", "Ottawa Moves to Tighten Aboriginal Membership Criteria", "Decision week for thousands of applicants to the Qalipu band", "About 80,000 denied eligibility for Newfoundland first nation band", "Mi'Kmaq First Nations Assembly of Newfoundland | Mission & Mandate", "New Qalipu bill would give feds too much power: Gerry Byrne", "Bill C-25 reflects information already provided to Qalipu applicants: Sheppard - Local - the Western Star", "6,500 rejected Qalipu Mi'kmaq band applications to be reconsidered", "Scrap Qalipu membership requirements, says Mi'kmaq association chair", "Thousands of Qalipu Mi'kmaq applicants rejected again", "Updated Founding Members List for the Qalipu First Nation Adopted Through Order in Council Qalipu", "Qalipu First Nation marks a milestone, celebrating 10 years as recognized Indigenous band", "Nova Scotia Chiefs Raise Concerns over Qalipu Mi'kmaq Band", "STATEMENT TO UNITED NATIONS SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ANAYA", "Warm Welcome for Grand Council in Newfoundland", "Defining Aboriginal Identity: What the Courts Have Stated", "Canada signed private agreement with Qalipu Mi'kmaq days before contentious changes to application process", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qalipu_First_Nation&oldid=1134999554, This page was last edited on 22 January 2023, at 00:18. [1], Members of the Qalipu Mi'kmaq First Nation elect a Chief (currently Brendan Mitchell), 2 Vice Chiefs, and councillors representing a total of 9 wards. New Brunswicks Indian Baby. Jeddore served as chief from July 26, 1919 3 until he was forced into exile to Eskasoni, Nova Scotia, in 1924. Local Mi'kmaq Families In the Bay St George there are many Mi'kmaq family lines that include: Agathe, Alexander, Aucoin, Barry, Benoit, Benwah, or Bennett, Bernard, Blanchard, Chaisson or Chiasson, Companion, Cormier, Damois or Dannois; Doucet, Duffenias or Duffney, Gabriel, Gallant, Gaudet, Gaudon, Jeddore, Joe, Red Bank, New Brunswick Canada. Sugapunegati (Sipeknikatik), Epegwitg aq Pigtug (Epekwitk aq Piktuk), Gespugwitg (Kespukwitk), Signigtewagi (Siknikt) and Gespegewagi (Kespek). The English and other Europeans had little knowledge of the interior and relied on the Mi'kmaq as guides[citation needed]. Micmac Indians, Mikmaq First Nation. The surnames in these pages are taken from the Births, Deaths and Marriages in Newfoundland Newspapers, 1810 - 1890 CD which contains more than 40,000 entries for births, deaths and The only dictionary of surnames in Canada. After years of voicing their concern, in 1972 a group of Newfoundland Mikmaq formed the Federation of Newfoundland Indians (FNI). English speakers has eroded the prevalence of the language and smoothed dialectical differences. In his report he described how the lives of Mi'kmaq on the reserve were becoming more difficult with the encroachment of the railway, a mill and settlers which contributed to the depletion of natural resources on their traditional hunting lands. E9E 2P2. Councillor: Sharren (Sherry) Dean . Glooscap and his grandmother, nephew and mother. continue to occupy this area as well as settlements in Newfoundland and New England, especially Boston. Last Edited. Vistas: Little Thunder, Nance Ackerman & Alan Syliboy, National Film Board of Canada. ). on Mikmaq spirituality and culture. Noel Joseph Jeddore Wejitu also Newell Jeddore Gietol, Geodol12 (December 18, 1865 May 14, 1944) was Saqamaw "grand chief" of the Mi'kmaq at Miawpukek in Bay d'Espoir on the south coast of Newfoundland in the Coast of Islands region. ".37 Jackson wrote that Mi'kmaw Rod Jeddore indicated that,38 "the impact of intermarriage, economic climate, and Fr. 1. The Mikmaq (also Mi'gmaq, Lnu, Mikmaw or Migmaw; English: / m m /; Mikmaq: ) are a First Nations people of the Northeastern Woodlands, indigenous to the areas of Canada's Atlantic Provinces and the Gasp Peninsula of Quebec as well as the northeastern region of Maine.They call their national territory Mikmaki (or Migmagi). During that time, and after conflicts with Britain, the Mikmaq signed treaties in 1726, 1749, 1752 and 176061, followed by two treaties to secure alliances during the American Revolution. About us. "4344 During an impassioned community meeting in 1923 Noel Jeddore said that "if we stopped speaking Mikmaq in the church, there would be murder in our hearts." The caribou had served as one of the main sources of food for the Mi'kmaq and their decline adversely affected the survival of the Mi'kmaq. The 1726 treaty was the foundation for the subsequent treaties. As of 2015, there were slightly fewer than 60,000 The tribe has bands in the Provinces of New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Quebec in Canada. were prepared when they first encountered fishermen off their shores. (See also Religion and Spirituality of Indigenous Peoples in Canada). In June 1907 Reuben Lewis was to "go in state with the principal men of Conn River to Sydney to be invested with the full right of chieftainship and the possession of the gold medal which is the badge of office." August 13, 2008. Julian, and recorded by Emma and fellow students at Allison Bernard Memorial High School in Eskasoni First Nation, Cape Breton. Mikmaq share close ties with other local peoples, including the Maliseet and Passamaquoddy. (See also Indigenous Territory). Louis Leon Muise 10. Later they also settled in New England and Newfoundland. The decision sparked what is known as the Burnt Church Crisis, where tensions reached a boiling point between Mikmaq and non-Indigenous fishermen, who argued that unchecked harvesting in the lobster fishery would lead to devastation of stocks. 78-712-2462. In Ktaqmkuk, Mikmaq intermarried with French settlers and lived primarily along the south and southwest coasts, eventually expanding into Beothuk territory as the number of the islands earlier inhabitants dwindled. Today, the chief, captains and wampum readers still run the council, though their roles have been curtailed by the federal government to focus primarily Example: For the surname Newill or Nowell, also consider Newil or Nowel. Alternative names for the Micmac, which can be found in historical sources, include Gaspesians, Souriquois, (Migmak, allies; Nigmak, our allies.Hewitt). These census posts are part of a larger project to identify the surnames that have appeared among Indigenous, Metis and Mixed-heritage people over the past few hundred years across what is now Canada. "1617 Jackson described how, the "uninhabited wilderness of the southern interior offered an abundant variety of small game: fox, muskrat and beaver. Joseph Mius II There is no central headquarters for the entire Micmac Tribe. Mikmaq is among the Wabanaki cluster of Eastern Algonquian languages, which include the various Abenaki dialects, and the Penobscot and Maliseet-Passamaquoddy languages. The FNI included six Mi'kmaq bands (Elmastogoeg First Nations, Corner Brook Indian Band, Flat Bay Indian Band, Gander Bay Indian Band, Glenwood Mi'kmaq First Nation and the Port au Port Indian Band). [citation needed], In 1972 activists formed the Native Association of Newfoundland and Labrador as the main organization representing the Mi'kmaq, Innu and Inuit peoples of Newfoundland and Labrador. From the Micmac News, September, 1985, page 30, in an article on the North Sydney Holy Cross Cemetary, the following Mi'kmaq names are listed: Bernard, Angus Born-1923 Died-October 19, 1923 Age-6 months Place of Birth-North Sydney. [6] After the Labrador Innu and Inuit left the Association in 1975, the organization was renamed as the Federation of Newfoundland Indians. During the colonial period, the Mi'kmaq were allied with the French. You can select a name from the list on the top-right menu bar.In addition to the charts and reports you have Photo Albums, the Events list and the Relationships tool. Newfoundland And Labrador. He was born at Indian Point, Bay d'Espoir and he died at Eskasoni, Cape Breton.4, The name "Jeddore" can be traced back to Wejitu Isidore, (ca. Birthdays and Anniversaries of living persons are listed by month. In 1999, the Supreme Court of Canada affirmed the rights of Donald Marshall, Jr., Numerous First Nation run organizations serve the diverse needs of Aboriginal people in Nova Scotia. "18 Prior to the early nineteenth century Mi'kmaq lived a nomadic life moving in cycles and seasons between Newfoundland and Cape Breton. The Mi'kmaq language, one of the Algonkian family of languages, is rich and descriptive. There are already 43 users and 429 genealogy profiles with the Mi'kmaq surname on Geni. Mi'kmaq. Contemporary Mikmaq communities are located predominantly in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, but with a significant presence in Quebec, Newfoundland, Maine and the Boston area. Most moves to establish them as agriculturalists failed because of badly conceived programs and encroachments It has been said that the Concordat of 1610 a formal agreement between the Mikmaq and the Vatican marked by the creation of a treaty wampum combined trade, treaty and religion St. Croix "told teachers to strictly enforce the use of English in the classroom. While the National Household Survey asks speakers to self-report an understanding of a language, linguists measure health of a language by the number of fluent speakers. The group's attempts to obtain status under the Indian Act were fruitless, and led to a Federal Court action in 1989, in which the FNI sought a declaration that its members were Indians within the meaning of the 1867 Constitution Act. THE MIKMAQ PRESENCE IN HALLS BAY. Noywa'mkisk (Where the Sand Blows ). mi kmaq family names in newfoundland aetna dental ppo fee schedule 2022 pdf mi kmaq family names in newfoundland barstool sports sling promo mi kmaq family names in newfoundland. The people of Migmagi relied on the variety of resources Contemporary Mikmaq communities are located predominantly in Nova Scotia and Maine and the Boston area. Mikmaq are among the original inhabitants of the Atlantic region in Canada, and inhabited the coastal areas of Gasp and the Maritime Provinces east of the Saint John River. Bridges of Kentucky > Blog > Uncategorized > mi kmaq family names in newfoundland. You signed in with another tab or window. The question of the nature of Mi'kmaq occupancy of Newfoundland during the 17th and early 18th centuries is another controversial question. Explore Mi'kmaq genealogy and family history in the World's Largest Family Tree. "[23] Since then, representatives of the Mi'kmaq Grand Council have visited Newfoundland to meet with the Qalipu Chief and Council, and community members acknowledging the extended Mi'kmaq family in Newfoundland. Continue reading , October 21, 2018 In 1857, a colonial census of Newfoundland recorded Mi'kmaq settlements at St. George's Bay, Codroy Valley, Bay d'Espoir, and the Bay of Exploits.[5]. Byrne, Chaffey, Fahey, Fizzard, Fudge, Grouchy, Hynes, Inkpen, Lyver, McLaughlin, Miles, Murphy, Puddester, Quirk -- the names themselves are evocative of Newfoundland. staff.usainteanne.ca. (Last Land) Today, called Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Gaspe of Quebec, and part of the State of Maine. be misleading. There are already 43 users and 429 genealogy profiles with the Mi'kmaq surname on Geni. 3. of James HALL (NS & NL - click no. Mikmaq is written alphabetically. Together they raided settlements of the English in New England and in the Maritime provinces of the future Canada. | Canadian Native Surnames, Mi'kmaq Micmac Mi'gmaq Surnames, New Brunswick Mi'kmaq, Wabanaki Confederacy Surnames | The federal government brought the crisis to somewhat of a close by buying licences and equipment from some non-Indigenous fishermen and entering into agreements with several Mikmaq communities to regulate More still may not be included by registered population counts, as they are not recognized as status Project Statistics. "34, According to Noel Jeddore's son, Peter Jeddore (May 9, 1892 May 18, 1970), his father was exiled because of a misunderstanding with the Catholic priest, Father Stanislaus (Stanley) St. Croix, who arrived in 1916 and was based in St. Alban's as parish priest and school administrator and priest.35 Ethnographer Doug Jackson - who "began research in [Miaswpukek] in 1976 and lived there until 1981" - 36 observed that St. Croix - who forbid the use of traditional language in the church and in the school, was the primary force behind the acceleration of the loss of the Mi'kmaw language in the early twentieth century. From here we can piece the family together, with the following evidence: 1. Ever since 1 October 1986, Treaty Day in Nova Scotia and some other parts of Atlantic Canada has commemorated the signing and significance of the Peace and Friendship Treaties. Captain Jock Mitchell, Chief of Newfoundland Mikmaq Newfoundlands Most Famous Mikmaq Man, Mattie Mitchell. dislocation, in the 1940s, the Department of Indian Affairs forced more than 2,000 Mikmaq people living in numerous small communities Western Genealogical and Historical Association of Newfoundland and Labrador. "5 Prior to the passage of the 1876 Indian Act, the Mi'kmaq were governed by the Grand Council - Sant Mawimi - made up of representatives from the seven district councils in Mi'kma'ki. Family photographs are organized in the, Descended From A Single Ancestral Group, DNA Study Confirms, Genetic history of Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Newfoundland Mi'kmaq Family History and Genealogy. It also supports efforts to protect and revitalize the language. situation threatened to devolve into violence. To provide context, it is believed John Michael may have been Captain Jock Mitchell, the grandfather of Newfoundlands most famous Mikmaq man Mattie Mitchell and father of Bay of Islands ancestor Mary (Mitchell) Brake. THE MIKMAQ PRESENCE IN HALLS BAY. Mikmaw Camp. Before Us. These Mi'kmaq acted as middlemen in the exchange of European goods for furs. Originally published in 1977, Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland is a unique reference work, giving Newfoundlanders, both in the province and away, a fascinating look at their roots. 2. Anne Mius 6. Continue reading , February 11, 2023 Mikmaq culture and traditional religion is based on legendary figures like Glooscap (also written Kluscap) who is said to have formed the Annapolis Valley by sleeping on the land and using Prince Edward Island as his pillow. To enlarge a photograph just click on it. Despite challenges, language programs, including high school immersion programs, have helped to revitalize the language. CONNECT. Election: Councillor: Charlene CombdonElection (by-election): Minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, "Qalipu First Nation members vote in record numbers, re-electing Brendan Mitchell as chief", "Qalipu Becomes Member of the Assembly of First Nations", "The History of the Newfoundland Mi'kmaq", "Who belongs in Canada's newest and possibly largest First Nation? Do you know who your second cousins are? Rather than a sequential, time-based verb tense structure (as in English), the Mikmaq language is experiential, relying on the evidence of the speaker to The history of Mikmaw people is very long and our homeland, called Mikmaki, is very large. [27] In 2021, a referendum passed changing terms of office to four years starting in 2024. relation stemming from the treaties of the 1700s, and that the Mikmaq have Indigenous rights to the lands described in those treaties. MacGregor explained that the Chieftainship was "not hereditary, but is conferred, when a vacancy occurs, on the man the people prefer. Tribal Headquarters. The only two cows on the reserve were owned by the Jeddore brothers. Mikmaki. [8], Recognition for the remainder of Newfoundland's Mi'kmaq was a much longer process. My thanks to Fran Wilcox for her patience and deligence in extracting all of the Mi'kmaw marriages from the online parish registers of St. Jean-Baptiste, Port-Royal and for her The nation has a Addendum. They presented their concerns regarding the legitimacy of the Qalipu band, and asked for further clarification and explanation by the federal government. At the moment, most of my links are to people recorded in settler records as: Beaver, Chipewyan, Sarcee, Slavey / Esclave and Dene, as well as a some Carrier, Gwichin (Loucheux). Double consonants or eliminate double consonants. The formation of the Qalipu is one example of continued activism among Mikmaq people. The moves, undertaken for the sole purpose of streamlining government administration were fraught with mismanagement and To provide context, it is believed John Michael may have been Captain Jock Mitchell, the grandfather of Newfoundlands most famous Mikmaq man Mattie Mitchell and father of Bay of Islands ancestor Mary (Mitchell) Brake. It is also accessible from Madelines Trail, which runs from Middle Brook River Trail across a ridge to Stephens Road. This fundamentally altered the lifestyle of the Mikmaq, who focused on trapping and trading furs rather than subsistence hunting and gathering. smaknisk) served with the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) in the First World War. It's a starting point to Newfoundland's unique background and way of life in North American history. The council survives to this day, although its political powers have been restricted by federal legislation, [14] In 2014, parliament passed Bill C-25, authorizing it to review all applications and retroactively reject some, based on criteria similar to those used in the R v Powley case that defined rights for the Mtis people. [11] This put the enrolment process to a halt and a supplemental agreement between the Federation of Newfoundland Indians and Canada was formed in 2013. 78-712-2462. Wabanaki. This legislation enshrines the Mi'kmaq language as the provinces first language. QC | Bonaventure Mann | Mi'kmaq (1921) Index: Native Surname Census Extracts. The provincial government supported the FNI. Each Album's photographs are accompanied by a caption. Life under British, and later Canadian, governance was not kind to the Mikmaq, who were subjected to conscious attempts to alter their lifestyle. Family Names of Joseph dAzy Mius 3. mi kmaq family names in newfoundlandcrockett elementary school hours Menu reasonable cause to doubt collectibility George Lillington was born around the same time as Georges grandmother Sarah Jane (b. Addendum. The Native Council of Nova Scotia and the Mi'kmaw Native Friendship Centre both offer a wide range of programs and services, primarily to . protected the people. The Mikmaq, like most Indigenous groups, use stories to tell about the past and about their spirituality. After the Beothuk people declined in the 1800s, the Mi'kmaq no longer shared Newfoundland's interior with anyone. Mikmaq peoples, who had readily adapted to European trade goods, were likewise receptive to religious practices. The Qalipu First Nation (Pronounced: ha-lee-boo, meaning: Caribou),[2] is a Mikmaq band government, created by order-in-council in 2011 pursuant to the Agreement for the Recognition of the Qalipu Mikmaq Band. 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