the battle of the coral sea in 1942 quizlet

Believing that the B-17's sighting was the main Japanese carrier force (which was in fact well to the east), Fletcher directed the airborne strike force towards this target. [41], Late on 6 May or early on 7 May, Kamikawa Maru set up a seaplane base in the Deboyne Islands in order to help provide air support for the invasion forces as they approached Port Moresby. . TF44 was a joint AustraliaU.S. Finally, at 10:51 Shkaku scout aircrews realized they were mistaken in their identification of the oiler and destroyer as aircraft carriers. [92], Both sides publicly claimed victory after the battle. [83], Around 14:30, Hara informed Takagi that only 24 Zeros, eight dive bombers, and four torpedo planes from the carriers were currently operational. In May 1942, the United States Navy thwarted a Japanese attack against Australia in the Battle of the Coral Sea. Japanese expansion in World War II On 8 December 1941 (7 December U.S. time), Japan declared war on the U.S. and the British Empire, after Japanese forces attacked Malaya, Singapore and Hong Kong as well as the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor. The U.S. lost one torpedo bomber and two fighters in the strikes, but all of the aircrew were eventually rescued. Bad weather during two attempts to make the delivery on 23 May compelled the aircraft to return to the carriers, stationed 240nmi (280mi; 440km) from Rabaul, and one of the Zeros was forced to ditch in the sea. The atolls of Tuvalu acted as a staging post during the preparation for the Battle of Tarawa and the Battle of Makin that commenced on 20 November 1943, which was the implementation of Operation Galvanic. The U.S. sank the Japanese light carrier Shh, and the Japanese sank a U.S. destroyer and damaged the fleet oiler Neosho. [35], In the meantime, Takagi's carrier force steamed down the east side of the Solomons throughout the day on 5 May, turned west to pass south of San Cristobal (Makira), and entered the Coral Sea after transiting between Guadalcanal and Rennell Island in the early morning hours of 6 May. The U.S. Navy's decisive victory in the air-sea battle (June 3-6, 1942) and its successful defense of the major base located at Midway Island dashed Japan's hopes of neutralizing the United. [57], Inoue's staff directed two groups of attack aircraft from Rabaul, already airborne since that morning, towards Crace's reported position. 53: Solomon Islands Operations and Battle of Coral Sea (Interrogation of: Captain Yamaoka, M., IJN), Interrogation Nav No. . [42], At 06:25 on 7 May, TF17 was 115nmi (132mi; 213km) south of Rossel Island (1320S 15421E / 13.333S 154.350E / -13.333; 154.350). The goal was to isolate Australia and New Zealand from the Allied United States . Inoue was especially worried about Allied bombers stationed at air bases in Townsville and Cooktown, Australia, beyond the range of his own bombers, based at Rabaul and Lae. MacArthur's fliers' reports of seeing a carrier (Shh) about 425nmi (489mi; 787km) northwest of TF17 further convinced Fletcher fleet carriers were accompanying the invasion force. On 34 May, Japanese forces successfully invaded and occupied Tulagi, although several supporting warships were sunk or damaged in a surprise attack by the U.S. carrier Yorktown. Battle of the Coral Sea Courtesy of the Naval History and Heritage Command [93] The Japanese public was informed of the victory with overstatement of the U.S. losses and understatement of their own. 8, USSBS No. The plan, Operation Mo, involved several major units of Japan's Combined Fleet. Lexington represented, at that time, 25% of U.S. carrier strength in the Pacific. The Battle of Midway became one of the most important American naval victories of World War II. Although the withdrawal of Yorktown from the Coral Sea conceded the field, the Japanese were forced to abandon the operation that had initiated the Battle of the Coral Sea in the first place. Six of the weary dive bomber pilots were told they would be immediately departing on another mission. Fletcher concluded that by the time his scout aircraft found the remaining carriers it would be too late in the day to mount a strike. [114] Two studies used mathematical models to estimate the impact of various alternatives. Since no Allied ships were in that area, the search planes found nothing. Although Zuikaku was undamaged, she had lost a large number of aircraft in the battle, and the Japanese apparently did not even consider trying to include Zuikaku in the forthcoming operation. During the night, the warm frontal zone with low clouds which had helped hide the U.S. carriers on 7 May moved north and east and now covered the Japanese carriers, limiting visibility to between 2 and 15nmi (2.3 and 17.3mi; 3.7 and 27.8km). Hara in turn believed Fletcher was south of him and advised Takagi to send the aircraft to search that area. The Battle of Coral Sea occurred on May 4-8, 1942 in the Pacific Theater of World War 2. although only the aircrafts made attacks American Casualties 543 wounded or dead Japanese Casualties 1074 wounded or dead What happened? In spite of the damage suffered in the carrier strikes, the Japanese continued construction of the seaplane base and began flying reconnaissance missions from Tulagi by 6 May. [26], To give advance warning of the approach of any Allied naval forces, the Japanese sent submarines I-22, I-24, I-28 and I-29 to form a scouting line in the ocean about 450nmi (520mi; 830km) southwest of Guadalcanal. Caption: Battle of the Coral Sea, May 1942. "[103], The Australians and U.S. forces in Australia were initially disappointed with the outcome of the Battle of the Coral Sea, fearing the MO operation was the precursor to an invasion of the Australian mainland and the setback to Japan was only temporary. 1 smaller warship damaged, 1 transport damaged, 69 - 97 aircraft destroyed . [44], At 07:22 one of Takagi's carrier scouts, from Shkaku, reported U.S. ships bearing 182 (just west of due south), 163nmi (188mi; 302km) from Takagi. In early May 1942, the Japanese despatched an invasion fleet from Rabaul to take Port Moresby, Papua. Battle of France, (May 10-June 25, 1940), during World War II, the German invasion of the Low Countries and France. USS Wolverine (IX-64) USS Wolverine (IX-64), August 1943. Battle of the Coral Sea, 4-8 May 1942 Japanese intentions By April 1942 the Japanese had formed a defensive perimeter which stretched from the Kuriles southward through the Marshall Islands to New Britain, then westwards to Java, Sumatra, the Andaman Islands and Burma. Nimitz's staff also concluded that the Japanese operation might include carrier raids on Allied bases in Samoa and at Suva. Inoue did not cancel the recall of the invasion convoy, but ordered Takagi and Got to pursue the remaining Allied warship forces in the Coral Sea. Fletcher turned TF17 southwest. Halsey's feint worked. At 11:15, the torpedo bombers and fighters abandoned the mission and headed back towards the carriers with their ordnance, while the 36 dive bombers attacked the two U.S. Reconnaissance patrols conducted from the U.S. carriers throughout the day failed to locate any of the Japanese naval forces, because they were located just beyond scouting range. Once in the Coral Sea, the carriers were to provide air cover for the invasion forces, eliminate Allied air power at Port Moresby, and intercept and destroy any Allied naval forces which entered the Coral Sea in response. Takagi's staff assumed the aircraft was shadowing Fletcher's carriers and determined if the Allied ships held that course, they would be within striking range shortly before nightfall. The Battle of Midway WWII Nimitz Yamamoto (Text, Maps & Questions)Thank you for considering this product. The Battle of the Coral Sea, from 4 to 8 May 1942, was a major naval battle between the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) and naval and air forces of the United States and Australia. The rest of Marumo's Cover Force then took station near the D'Entrecasteaux Islands to help screen Abe's oncoming convoy. US Navy Japanese was on the offensive in spring 1942, sweeping across the Pacific after attacking. Neosho with Japanese Aircraft on May 7, 1942; Subsequent Loss of U.S.S. Without a hold in New Guinea, the subsequent Allied advance, arduous as it was, would have been even more difficult. The Battle of the Coral Sea begins On May 3, 1942, during World War II, the first modern naval engagement in history, the Battle of the Coral Sea, begins. On 13 April, the British deciphered an IJN message informing Inoue that the Fifth Carrier Division, consisting of the fleet carriers Shkaku and Zuikaku, was en route to his command from Formosa via the main IJN base at Truk. The submarine took no damage and apparently did not realize that it had been attacked by carrier aircraft. Capable of carrying up to 6,000 passengers and 1,500 tons of cargo, her typical route saw her travel between Cleveland . a 1942-1943 battle of World War II, in which German forces were defeated in their attempt to capture an industrial port city on the Volga River in the Soviet Union; one of the most deadly battles of wwii; crushing defeat for Germany significance of the Battle of Stalingrad To prevent this from occurring, the U.S. chose Tulagi and nearby Guadalcanal as the target of their first offensive. [14], On 29 April, Nimitz issued orders that sent his four carriers and their supporting warships towards the Coral Sea. [9], In April 1942, the army and navy developed a plan that was titled Operation Mo. C. marked the major turning point of the war in the Pacific. MacArthur's headquarters radioed Fletcher with reports of the attacks and the locations of the Japanese invasion forces. In the meantime, having heard nothing from Fletcher, Crace deduced that TF17 had departed the area. At the same time, Vice Admiral Shigeyoshi Inoue, commander of the IJN's Fourth Fleet (also called the South Seas Force) which consisted of most of the naval units in the South Pacific area, advocated the occupation of Tulagi in the southeastern Solomon Islands and Port Moresby in New Guinea, which would put Northern Australia within range of Japanese land-based aircraft. Operation Mo (MO, Mo Sakusen) or the Port Moresby Operation was a Japanese plan to take control of the Australian Territory of New Guinea during World War II as well as other locations in the South Pacific. Believing that he faced overwhelming Japanese carrier superiority, Fletcher elected to withdraw TF17 from the battle. [80], As the Japanese aircraft completed their attacks and began to withdraw, believing that they inflicted fatal damage to both carriers, they ran a gauntlet of CAP Wildcats and SBDs. [101], Historians H. P. Willmott, Jonathan Parshall, and Anthony Tully believe Yamamoto made a significant strategic error in his decision to support Operation MO with strategic assets. Inoue believed the capture and control of these locations would provide greater security and defensive depth for the major Japanese base at Rabaul on New Britain. A total of 78 aircraft18 Zero fighters, 36 Aichi D3A dive bombers, and 24 torpedo aircraftbegan launching from Shkaku and Zuikaku at 08:00 and were on their way by 08:15 towards the reported sighting. In order to try to keep to the MO timetable, Takagi was forced to abandon the delivery mission after the second attempt and direct his force towards the Solomon Islands to refuel. The second torpedo ruptured the port water main, reducing water pressure to the three forward firerooms and forcing the associated boilers to be shut down. [25], En route to the Coral Sea, Takagi's carriers were to deliver nine Zero fighter aircraft to Rabaul. By then, the Allies had reinforced New Guinea with additional troops (primarily Australian) starting with the Australian 14th Brigade which embarked at Townsville on 15 May. In 1942 submarine commander Jeff Conway secretly photographs Japanese aircraft carriers in the Coral Sea but his submarine is damaged and he's forced to surr. Before losing power, Neosho was able to notify Fletcher by radio that she was under attack and in trouble, but garbled any further details as to just who or what was attacking her and gave wrong coordinates (1625S 15731E / 16.417S 157.517E / -16.417; 157.517) for its position. SIMS (DD-409) by Japanese Bombers in the Coral Sea on May 7, 1942, U.S.S. Japan moves southerly hoping to take control of Southern nations 2. Japanese carrier aircraft numbers by ship: The B-17s were from the 40th Reconnaissance Squadron. At the same time, Kamikawa Maru packed up and departed Deboyne. Yorktown also absorbed both Japanese aerial counterattacks at Midway which otherwise would have been directed at Enterprise and Hornet. At this time, Shkaku and Zuikaku were about 10,000yd (9,100m) apart, with Zuikaku hidden under a rain squall of low-hanging clouds. [98], One of the most significant effects of the Coral Sea battle was the loss of Shkaku and Zuikaku to Yamamoto for his planned battle in the air with the U.S. carriers at Midway. [17], During late April, the Japanese submarines Ro-33 and Ro-34 reconnoitered the area where landings were planned. Unknown to Fletcher, TF11 completed refueling that morning ahead of schedule and was only 60nmi (69mi; 110km) east of TF17, but was unable to communicate its status because of Fletcher's orders to maintain radio silence. The ships, proceeding at 8kn (9.2mph; 15km/h), planned to transit the Jomard Channel in the Louisiades to pass around the southern tip of New Guinea to arrive at Port Moresby by 10 May. ships. By 14:20, the aircraft were rearmed and ready to launch against the Port Moresby Invasion Force or Got's cruisers. 8 April 1942 5 may 1956 8 may 1956 Question 2 30 seconds Q. Yorktown reached Pearl the following day. Four of the Japanese torpedo planes were shot down by anti-aircraft fire. [110], The delay in the advance of Japanese forces also allowed the Marine Corps to land on Funafuti on 2 October 1942, with a Naval Construction Battalion (Seabees) building airfields on three of the atolls of Tuvalu from which USAAF B-24 Liberator bombers of the Seventh Air Force operated. At 20:00 (1320S 15740E / 13.333S 157.667E / -13.333; 157.667), Hara reversed course to meet Takagi who completed refueling and was now heading in Hara's direction. Cast [87], At 22:00 on 8 May, Yamamoto ordered Inoue to turn his forces around, destroy the remaining Allied warships, and complete the invasion of Port Moresby. Takagi, approximately 300nmi (350mi; 560km) east of Fletcher (1312S 15805E / 13.200S 158.083E / -13.200; 158.083), launched 12 Nakajima B5Ns at 06:00 to scout for TF17. In a meeting held in late May, the Australian Advisory War Council described the battle's result as "rather disappointing" given that the Allies had advance notice of Japanese intentions. Lexington's TBDs missed Shkaku with all 11 of their torpedoes. Spring 1942: Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, America was reeling under the successive Japanese victories at Singapore, Hong Kong, the Philippines and more. At 07:45, the scout confirmed that it had located "one carrier, one cruiser, and three destroyers". The British passed the message to the U.S., along with their conclusion that Port Moresby was the likely target of MO. [82], As TF17 recovered its aircraft, Fletcher assessed the situation. During their return, aircraft from the two adversaries passed each other in the air, resulting in more air-to-air altercations. Based on these reports, Takagi, who was still awaiting the return of all of his aircraft from attacking Neosho, turned his carriers due west at 13:30 and advised Inoue at 15:00 that the U.S. carriers were at least 430nmi (490mi; 800km) west of his location and that he would therefore be unable to attack them that day. [95], The battle marked the first time that a Japanese invasion force was turned back without achieving its objective, which greatly lifted the morale of the Allies after a series of defeats by the Japanese during the initial six months of the Pacific Theatre. He concluded, based on the sighting report, TF17 was heading south and increasing the range. The remaining torpedo planes successfully employed a pincer attack on Lexington, which had a much larger turning radius than Yorktown, and, at 11:20, hit her with two Type 91 torpedoes. Beginning in December 1941, the Japanese had devastated the U.S. Fleet at Pearl Harbor, seized Hong Kong, conquered Southeast Asia, the Dutch East Indies and much of the Philippines, and terrorized the Indian Ocean with a naval sweep. [64], As nightfall ended aircraft operations for the day, Fletcher ordered TF17 to head west and prepared to launch a 360 search at first light. Fletcher's forces had entered the Coral Sea area before the submarines took station, and the Japanese were therefore unaware of their presence. B. saw the United States forced to withdraw its naval forces. TF17 then turned to head northwest towards Rossel Island in the Louisiades. The Battle of the Coral Sea, fought during 4-8 May 1942, was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II between the Imperial Japanese Navy and Allied naval and air forces. [74], At 10:55, Lexington's CXAM-1 radar detected the inbound Japanese aircraft at a range of 68nmi (78mi; 126km) and vectored nine Wildcats to intercept. "[7], To support these goals, during the first few months of 1942, besides Malaya, Japanese forces attacked and successfully took control of the Philippines, Singapore, the Dutch East Indies, Wake Island, New Britain, the Gilbert Islands and Guam, inflicting heavy losses on opposing Allied land, naval and air forces. Yorktown left Pearl Harbor with three of her boilers inoperative and a maximum speed of 27 knots. Around 14:42, another large explosion occurred, starting a second severe fire. Crace also turned west to stay within striking range of the Louisiades. [47] Takagi and Hara considered that the conflicting reports might mean that the U.S. carrier forces were operating in two separate groups. The Battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942 was no exception. Acting on signals intelligence, the U.S. placed eight submarines along the projected route of the carriers' return paths to Japan, but the submarines were not able to make any attacks. Another submarine, I-21, which was sent to scout around Nouma, was attacked by Yorktown aircraft on 2 May. On June 4, 1942, the Battle of Midway, fought between American and Japanese fleets in the Pacific Ocean, began. About that same time, the dive bombers that had attacked Neosho returned and landed. Another Shkaku scout aircraft quickly confirmed the sighting. More significantly, the news informed Fletcher his only nearby available fuel supply was gone. The Carrier Strike Force was to proceed down the eastern side of the Solomon Islands and enter the Coral Sea south of Guadalcanal. WWII carrier-versus-carrier engagements between American and Japanese naval forces: This page was last edited on 3 February 2023, at 22:09. Takagi elected to take his carriers 120nmi (140mi; 220km) north during the night so he could concentrate his morning search to the west and south and ensure that his carriers could provide better protection for the invasion convoy. Following the loss of Lexington, improved methods for containing aviation fuel and better damage control procedures were implemented by the U.S.[117] Coordination between the Allied land-based air forces and the U.S. Navy was poor during this battle, but this too would improve over time. [37], At 10:00, a Kawanishi reconnaissance flying boat from Tulagi sighted TF17 and notified its headquarters. Hidden by a rain squall, Zuikaku escaped detection, but Shkaku was hit three times by bombs and was unable to launch or recover her aircraft. Of these, three more Zeros, four dive bombers and five torpedo planes were judged damaged beyond repair and were immediately jettisoned into the sea. [111], The battle was the first naval engagement in history in which the participating ships never sighted or fired directly at each other. [81], The strike forces, with many damaged aircraft, reached and landed on their respective carriers between 12:50 and 14:30. Two hundred and sixteen of the carrier's 2,951-man crew went down with the ship, along with 36 aircraft. Phelps and the other assisting warships left immediately to rejoin Yorktown and her escorts, which departed at 16:01, and TF17 retired to the southwest. Japan's Naval General Staff estimated that it would take two to three months to repair Shkaku and replenish the carriers' air groups. Yamamoto concurred with Takagi's decision and ordered Zuikaku to return to Japan to replenish her air groups. The plan also included the seizure of Tulagi on 23 May, where the navy would establish a seaplane base for potential air operations against Allied territories and forces in the South Pacific and to provide a base for reconnaissance aircraft. He was informed that Allied intelligence sources believed that up to four Japanese carriers might be supporting the MO operation. Late in the evening of 9 May, Takagi and Got headed southeast, then southwest into the Coral Sea. Takagi now realized the U.S. carriers were between him and the invasion convoy, placing the invasion forces in extreme danger. The Yorktown dive bombers commenced their attacks at 10:57 on Shkaku and hit the radically maneuvering carrier with two 1,000lb (450kg) bombs, tearing open the forecastle and causing heavy damage to the carrier's flight and hangar decks. [76] One of the survivors, Swede Vejtasa, claimed three Zeros during the onslaught (though none were lost). [55], Apprised of the loss of Shh, Inoue ordered the invasion convoy to temporarily withdraw to the north and ordered Takagi, at this time located 225nmi (259mi; 417km) east of TF17, to destroy the U.S. carrier forces. "[66] Hara later told Yamamoto's chief of staff, Admiral Matome Ugaki, he was so frustrated with the "poor luck" the Japanese experienced on 7 May that he felt like quitting the navy. Yorktown's aircraft surprised Shima's ships and sank the destroyer Kikuzuki (0907S 16012E / 9.117S 160.200E / -9.117; 160.200) and three of the minesweepers, damaged four other ships, and destroyed four seaplanes which were supporting the landings. Later that evening, MacArthur informed Fletcher that eight of his B-17s had attacked the invasion convoy and that it was retiring to the northwest. July 4, 2022 the battle of the coral sea in 1942 quizletdispensary manager job descriptiondispensary manager job description The two carriers rejoined the Combined Fleet on 14 July and were key participants in subsequent carrier battles against U.S. forces. Got and Kajioka were unable to position and coordinate their ships in time to attempt a night attack on the Allied warships. [115] For example, suppose the U.S. carriers had chosen to sail separately (though still nearby), rather than together. [65], Both sides expected to find each other early the next day, and spent the night preparing their strike aircraft for the anticipated battle as their exhausted aircrews attempted to get a few hours' sleep. Fearing a carrier air attack on his exposed invasion forces, Inoue immediately canceled RY and ordered his ships back to Rabaul and Truk. Battle of the Coral Sea, (May 4-8, 1942) World War II naval and air engagement in which a U.S. fleet turned back a Japanese invasion force that had been heading for strategic Port Moresby in New Guinea. The U.S. aircraft carriers had slightly larger aircraft complements than the Japanese carriers, which, when combined with the land-based aircraft at Midway, the availability of Yorktown, and the loss of two Japanese carriers, meant that the Japanese Navy and the U.S. Navy would have near parity in aircraft for the impending battle. quizlet praxis ii test study guide exam info teacher certification wwii study guide flashcards quizlet . The battle would prove significant as the first aircraft carrier . Yamamoto's decision meant Japanese naval forces were weakened just enough at both the Coral Sea and Midway battles to allow the Allies to defeat them in detail. Instead, manned aircraft acted as the offensive artillery for the ships involved. The sighting was confirmed by a Kinugasa floatplane at 08:30. [105] The added forces slowed, then eventually halted the Japanese advance towards Port Moresby in September 1942, and defeated an attempt by the Japanese to overpower an Allied base at Milne Bay. The Japanese landed at Tulagi in the Solomons on 2 May. The four torpedo planes which attacked Yorktown all missed. On 19 May, TF16 which returned to the Efate area to refuel turned towards Pearl Harbor and arrived there on 26 May. By 12:00, the U.S. and Japanese strike groups were on their way back to their respective carriers. [43], Believing Takagi's carrier force was somewhere north of him, in the vicinity of the Louisiades, beginning at 06:19, Fletcher directed Yorktown to send 10 Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers as scouts to search that area. In the ensuing aerial duels, three SBDs and three Wildcats for the U.S., and three torpedo bombers, one dive bomber, and one Zero for the Japanese were downed. At 12:10, using a prearranged message to signal TF17 on the success of the mission, Lexington SBD pilot and squadron commander Robert E. Dixon radioed "Scratch one flat top! By contrast, suppose one side had located its opponent early enough to launch a first strike, so that only the opponents survivors could have struck back. [23], Got's force left Truk on 28 April, cut through the Solomons between Bougainville and Choiseul and took station near New Georgia Island. Nevertheless, Fletcher decided the risk was necessary to ensure the Japanese invasion forces could not slip through to Port Moresby while he engaged the carriers. [102], Moreover, Yamamoto apparently missed the other implications of the Coral Sea battle: the unexpected appearance of U.S. carriers in exactly the right place and time (due to cryptanalysis) to effectively contest the Japanese, and U.S. Navy carrier aircrews demonstrating sufficient skill and determination to do significant damage to the Japanese carrier forces. World War Two 1931-1942 Pacific PPTX (71 SLIDES) & 10 Question Assessment W/Key. The aircraft carrier Yorktown's Bombing Squadron Five (SBD-3 Dauntless scout bombers) spotted forward on the flight deck during operations in the Coral Sea, April 1942. The failure of the Japanese to take Port Moresby, and their defeat at Midway, had the effect of dangling their base at Tulagi and Guadalcanal without effective protection from other Japanese bases. While not originally part of the game, it was later added to each platform when their community reached a collective count of . The Battle of the Coral Sea in 1942 A. saw the Americans take the offensive for the first time. Dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan surrendered in August 1945 because the United States?

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