focus groups in qualitative research advantages and disadvantages

https://vittana.org/17-big-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-focus-groups In the past, secondary data collection used to require many hours of tracking on the long libraries corridors. Disadvantages of online focus groups include losing associated non-verbal behavior which could factor into assessing qualitative research. Focus Group Interview: Purpose, Types and Advantages and Disadvantages by Muhammad Yousuf Ali A Focus Group Interview is a qualitative method. The merging health insurance is a context-sensitive issue, and exploration of its advantages and disadvantages has received scant attention in qualitative analyses in the research literature. • The discussion can be dominated or sidetracked by a few individuals. This study, therefore, aims to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using qualitative and quantitative research approaches and methods in language testing and assessment research. For example, size of a focus group is usually five to eight participants. disadvantages of qualitative research ... *best used when research focus is sensitive, and getting elaborate responses. Focus groups can be used to … Signup for our newsletter to get notified about sales and new products. The advantages of focus groups 1. Learn the definition and the advantages and disadvantages of conducting research using a grounded theory design. Advantages, Disadvantages, and Lessons Learned in Conducting Telephone Focus Groups to Discuss Biospecimen Research Concerns of Individuals Genetically at Risk for Cancer Abstract Advances in telecommunication technology allow biomedical researchers to explore new, inexpensive opportunities for conducting focus group research. Advantages: Allows you to perform a detailed and thorough analysis. ing this interaction. Another disadvantage of using a qualitative approach is that the quality of evidence found is dependant on the researcher. Focus groups are indeed the best way to exchange viewpoints and discuss disagreements between consumers. A disadvantage is that “focus groups require more time just for scheduling Read More Fashion Channel Case Solution 1090 Words | 5 Pages Focus Group Advantages and Disadvantages in 2021 It generates opportunity to collect data from the group interaction. Pros and cons of focus groups vs. interviews: an in-depth ... 2. Focus groups can provide clear insight into the response. These are described below-. 5 No. Focus There is a focus on ethical considerations too. In group discussions, we can closely observe people’s facial expressions and body language. This dynamics will not be captured in a face-to-face interview. Focus groups are one of the most effective and popular market research methods available. Results: the way focus group was developed is described in steps: planning, recruitment, … Pros And Cons Of Qualitative Research Signup for our newsletter to get notified about sales and new products. In fact, spending on it amounts to 12% of the total market research in the United States (Statista, 2020). The focus groups explored attitudes toward tablets and technology in general. Research Not enough with this, in the so called Internet Era, this fact is more than evident. Advantage. Advantages. on Advantages and Disadvantages of Focus groups. Many people criticise qualitative research because of the subjective nature. Qualitative research is done in a wide-angle lens as subjectivity is critical to examines the breadth and depth of phenomena. What are the major advantages of focus groups disadvantages? interpretations, and the research report. Co-workers and friends are more comfortable in voicing views in each other’s company than on their own with the researcher. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of focus group interviewing over individual interviews. Likewise, 10 respondents are often good for interviews. This study, therefore, aims to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using qualitative and quantitative research approaches and methods in language testing and assessment research. Each method of market research has advantages and disadvantages for a business. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF QUALITATIVE We hope the article ‘Advantages and disadvantages of quantitative research’ has been a helpful read. even “spontaneous and informal” focus groups are structured, just in a different way! Pros. Advantages and disadvantages of focus groups. Focus group advantages and disadvantages - Fundstartup • Qualitative research techniques and in particular focus groups, depth interviews and observation • How to use qualitative tools for exploring and evaluating concepts and ideas. There are so many advantages of Focus groups along with data collection techniques. Marketing researchers employ a variety of tools, including one-on-one interviews, written surveys and polling to track consumer opinion. Advantages As is it is the case with any other research method, focus gropes have some disadvantages as well. Qualitative Interview Pros and Cons - ASAE 2.) Qualitative research allows for the collection of data while exploring the reasons why that data was given. Researchers can conduct the qualitative research by using focus groups method. Individual Interviews 1.) It allows a relatively large sample size for a qualitative study. Disadvantages • Inexperienced moderator may face problems in controlling some participants who try to dominate the group. Focus groups are rarely used in isolation. Online focus groups are usually more affordable than in-depth interviews. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DOCUMENT ANALYSIS IN RESEARCH. The advantages of quantitative market research mainly lie in its scientific experimental methods that enable the results to be tested and checked. Qualitative data collected in focus groups can help researchers decide what kinds of items to include in surveys. Centrum Badań nad Historią i Kulturą Basenu Morza Śródziemnego i Europy Południowo-Wschodniej im. Now let us look into some of the advantages and disadvantages of focus groups. 1. tour questions 2. knowledge questions ... advantages of focus group-good in detecting preliminary ideas-good pilot study tool Qualitative Research Methods is a type of scientific research which can consists of an investigation that seeks answers to a question, systematically uses a predefined set of procedures to answer the question, collects evidence, produces findings that were not … Advantages and Limitations of Focus Groups. The needs for this type of research, essen tial ingredients of a quality focus group session, and the advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed. The first advantage of using secondary data (SD) has always been the saving of time (Ghauri, 2005). Disadvantages: Raises questions about whether you can make larger and more generalizable points based on one example. Qualitative data collection methods Usually to answer a research question or just meet certain objectives. You can do research cheaply and quickly; focus group discussions are … The purpose of data collection varies, … The diversity of focus groups ensures multiple perspectives. Qualitative market research methods like focus groups, in-depth interviews, and other innovative methods can help you gain insights into your products. The disadvantages and the advantages will be discussed, and furthermore the use of focus groups as a research method against using other research Therefore, focus groups are an important tool for gathering data in the field of social sciences. Advantages and disadvantages of focus groups. Pros. A question raised by some of the interviewees was whether comparable results could have been achieved using less time-consuming and organizationally demanding methods. Qualitative research is subjective and uses very different methods of collecting information, including … Qualitative research refers to the meanings, concepts, definitions, characteristics, metaphors, symbols, and descriptions of things. Primary Market Research Methods. The qualitative research process relies … But, both the methods and approaches (qualitative and quantitative) have pros and cons. Primary Research: Methods, Advantages, and Disadvantages– Penpoin. The idea is that group members discuss… Qualitative research is very effective at helping an organization to understand why individuals act the way that they do. Focus group sessions usually include about 10 participants and last for about 90 minutes. The main advantage of focus groups is that the information is more realistic and accurate. The main disadvantages of the focus group method were seen in the considerable organizational effort and expenditure of time involved. Method: four group sessions were held from May to June 2015, with the participation of professionals from the public sector of PHC and from specialized service. Quantitative market research. 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Quantitative and Qualitative Research: The purpose of research is to enhance society by advancing knowledge through the development of scientific theories, concepts and ideas.The key aim of research is to have a detailed understanding of a subject matter which can be achieved by exploration, description and explanation. Multi-stage sampling is a type of cluster samping often used to study large populations. Analyzing of documents involves coding contents into themes which are the same as those of how focus groups and interview transcripts are analyzed. Qualitative research is a very affordable method of research. A Focus Group Discussion aims to be more than a question-answer interaction. A theoretical framework is established and specific instances of the application of focus groups in recent organizational research are given. Qualitative researchers have found it helpful to see at this point an overall sketch for each of the five approaches. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Likewise, what is the function of a focus group what are its advantages and disadvantages? Synergism. Researchers may collect data on their own. Add any text here or remove it. Advantages and Disadvantages of Focus Groups in Research Following are the main advantages of focus group discussion in research: It is an inexpensive and fast method of acquiring valuable data. Indeed, each of … The most common types of primary research methods include: In-depth interviews (one-on-one or in small groups) Surveys (online, telephone, or through the mail) Questionnaires; Focus groups; Observations Unlike structured focus groups (i.e. Disadvantages of online focus groups include losing associated non-verbal behavior which could factor into assessing qualitative research. (2009).) Focus groups often rely on the qualitative process for gathering information because it is fast, affordable, and effective. The discussions on this subject are set by the supporters of both approaches. This is more prominent in the cases of conducting; observations, interviews and focus groups. Document analysis is a form of qualitative research in which documents are interpreted by the researcher to give meaning around an assessment topic. Used to gather qualitative data and in-depth insights, they enable researchers to collect information on anything from products and services to beliefs and perceptions in order to reveal true customer attitudes and opinions. Focus groups have long been used in marketing, urban planning, and other social sciences. Qual Quant (2012) 46:1125–1136 DOI 10.1007/s11135-011-9600-4 The focus groups in social research: advantages and disadvantages Ivana Acocella A good general guide to conducting focus groups. In-depth interviewing can take place face-to-face, or –– in some cases –– over the phone. Observational research studies have been conducted with the consent of the human subjects under study (using certain subjects as … The problem of contradictory viewpoints during group discussion may cause confusion within the researcher, further adhering to conclude with subjective/ personal decisions. Business management. On one hand, you have the perspective of the data that is being collected. Focus groups represent a traditional method of research, and the investment required to host them is high. It gives speed in the supply of the results. ), the inherent organic nature of observational research means that researchers have little control over the environment. Focus groups have been widely used in health research in recent years to explore the perspectives of patients and other groups in the health care system (e.g., Carr et al., 2003; Côté-Arsenault & Morrison-Beedy, 2005; Kitzinger, 2006).They are often included in mixed-methods studies to gain more information on how to construct questionnaires or interpret … Focus groups provide a qualitative method of data collection. You get the story behind the data. Focus groups can provide speedy results. 10. 3) Stewart, D. W., and Shamdasani, P. N. (1990). It allows a relatively large sample size for a qualitative study. Advantages and disadvantages of focus groups It generates opportunity to collect data from the group interaction. The method for qualitative research includes ethnography, interview, historical research, participant observation and textual analysis. Generally, quantitative research is used in scientific experimentation and analyzing statistics. • Respondents may be reluctant to share some sensitive ideas and concerns publicly. Researcher can capture extensive views from a representative sample within just one focus group session. Quantitative research can reliably determine whether one concept, idea, product, package and so on (Richard 2007). You may also like reading Qualitative vs quantitative research. Able to capture real-life data in a social environment Flexible High face validity Speedy resultsSpeedy results Low in cost May bring up issues researchers have not thought about What are the difficulties and disadvantages of focus groups? Snowballing. 112-113).. Overcoming Ethical Issues. Focus groups are especially suited when you want to confirm your analysis with a wide variety of consumers’ profiles. Here are some of the advantages and disadvantages of using focus groups for an investigation. Measure reactions, not just opinions. The advantages of focus groups 1. A delineation of the advantages and disadvantages of web based focus groups. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS Psychology Focus Groups vs. It functions with the help of a skilled moderator who facilitates a discussion with a small, selected group of participants for a specific amount of time. Process of conducting an online focus group They are usually inexpensive, even if you compensate participant. This data type is non-numerical in nature. Qualitative research focuses on narratives and experiences. Qualitative research is often used by researchers to explore a wide variety of topics. Observation plays a crucial role in marketing research as it observes the manner in which consumers behave in their natural environment. Qualitative research uses fluid operational structures. It is often conducted in conjunction with quantitative analysis to pinpoint the reasons behind certain consumer choices. Observational research is a term that encompasses many different forms of qualitative inquiry, each of which deals with monitoring and noting conditions as they exist in the field, rather than constructing an experimental design. Qualitative research is one of the most affordable ways to glean information from individuals who are being studied. A key market research tool, focus groups are often used in order to gain a better insight into different behaviours and opinions of consumers regarding products, brands and services. We take a look at the advantages and disadvantages of focus groups below. All qualitative research interviews are structured to varying degrees, but structured interviews are the most rigid. Explain how, in your opinion, disregarding multi-cultural diversity may hurt the outcome of scientific research. Limitations. There is a focus on ethical considerations too. Sampling small groups within larger groups in stages is more practical and cost effective than trying to survey everybody in that population. While the method has promise, it also should be recognized that conducting focus group research within This book gives considerable attention to analyzing and reporting focus group results. Preparing focus group question is a complicated task. Important future directions include: the development of standards for reporting focus group research, more methodological research on focus groups, more at- The focus groups are a form of quality research. It is because when the members of the groups sit together for any discussion, they, in particular, do research because when the discussions on the topic go very deep, they ultimately form a part of the research. So, the focus groups are a form of qualitative research. Qualitative research can be defined as an overarching concept of several forms of research which help to illuminate and explain the meaning of phenomenon in social settings (Merriam, 1998). Disadvantages include the subjective nature of qualitative data, and risks of experimenter bias and group think. A focus group is a form of qualitative research conducted in a group interview format. It gives speed in the supply of the results. Advantages of interviews include possibilities of collecting detailed information about research questions. Advantages and Disadvantages of Qualitative Research. Focus groups are especially suited when you want to confirm your analysis with a wide variety of consumers’ profiles. So, each participant has less than 10 minutes of speaking time. Focus group research can be used purely as a qualitative method or in combination with quantitative methods. Focus group research, or qualitative analysis, is an underutilized method for gathering data in schools. 4.1.4 Focus groups Focus groups are a very popular and useful method to investigate complex behavior, where the research can interact with the participants. Advantage. Disadvantages of Observational Research. A key advantage of focus groups is that they take place face-to-face.Crucially, where this differs from research conducted through surveys or phone interviews is that you’re not only getting a person’s opinions, but their reactions, too.. There are several advantages in using focus group interview: It is comparatively easy to conduct. In this chapter we describe and compare the most common qualitative methods employed in project evaluations.3These include observations, Online focus groups are classified as a form of qualitative research method and the main advantage they offer is the possibility to acquire in-depth information on an area of study (Poynter, 2010). Focus groups: Theory and practice. Here are some suggestions: It is often designs in open-ended questions in order to analyse and interpret the data. Add any text here or remove it. Advantages. Focus group research has also some disadvantages, making different qualitative research techniques more effective. Other articles that may draw your attention are: Advantages and disadvantages of simple random sampling. Finally, we compare the five approaches relating the dimensions According to HubSpot, these are the advantages and disadvantages that exist around the focus groups that brands develop as part of their analysis of the market and consumers. Translates marketing research techniques on conducting group interviews into a form more applicable for social sciences research. What’s it: Primary research is a type of research where the researcher directly takes data from the original source. Another disadvantage of using a qualitative approach is that the quality of evidence found is dependant on the researcher. This is more prominent in the cases of conducting; observations, interviews and focus groups. But, both the methods and approaches (qualitative and quantitative) have pros and cons. Question 1: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of quantitative and qualitative market research. As can be inferred from the above description, the focus group format has several advantages: it is relatively inexpensive. Advantages and Disadvantages of Focus Groups in Research. Following are the main advantages of focus group discussion in research: It is an inexpensive and fast method of acquiring valuable data. Co-workers and friends are more comfortable in voicing views in each other’s company than on their own with the researcher. Advantages of Focus groups. Focus group research has also some disadvantages, making different qualitative research techniques more effective. disadvantages of focus groups in qualitative research. Here are the significant disadvantages of focus groups: 1- “An advantage to focus groups is that you can involve many more people in the data-gathering effort, increasing the likelihood of a more thorough analysis.” (Kavanagh, M., & Thite, M. The following is a modified excerpt from Applied Qualitative Research Design: A Total Quality Framework Approach (Roller & Lavrakas, 2015, pp. The advantages of quantitative research are that the result is statistically reliable. ... What are the disadvantages of focus groups? The focus group typically consists of a group of participants and a researcher who serves as the moderator for discussions among the group members. Individual interviews, focus groups, observation and action research are some of the methods used. Students should learn to understand their own conditions to choose the best research method for their study. Measure reactions, not just opinions. ... Focus group: Qualitative information provided in … The use of focus groups is increasing at a faster rate than our knowledge about these qualitative research methods. Learn about Online Qualitative Research Software in this blog. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH methods Advantages and Disadvantages of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Advantages of Mixed Methods Research Can You Enjoy. This is more prominent in the cases of conducting; observations, interviews and focus groups. The responses in the interview are can be different what make the analyze very difficult, or it may be no response what can be a serious problem as well. Advantages 1. On the other hand, you have the techniques of the data collector and their own unique observations that can alter the information in subtle ways. research topic. Advantages and disadvantages of focus group research are also discussed, along with some of the logistical considerations involved, in light of the researcher’s own experience and recommendations from the To keep up with those changes more research on focus group methods is needed. Sample size is small in qualitative research as well. This study, therefore, aims to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using qualitative and quantitative research approaches and methods in language testing and assessment research. A focus group is a small-group discussion guided by a leader or moderator. The disadvantages and the advantages will be discussed, and furthermore the use of focus groups as a research method against using other research Therefore, focus groups are an important tool for gathering data in the field of social sciences. Sharper Insight. Most focus groups involve between 6-10 respondents with a discussion that will last for 1-2 hours per session. This blog range of information and ideas than individuals that may draw attention... Of Mixed methods research can you Enjoy //www.cfrinc.net/cfrblog/in-depth-interviewing '' > advantages & disadvantages for hours. In research: it is fast and effective Raises questions about whether you can conduct concentrated... Analysis Psychology focus groups come with advantages and disadvantages < /a > Pros views in each other’s company on! Information using this method and focus groups, the inherent organic nature Observational! Specific instances of the five approaches, we can identify fundamental differences among these types of research! Advantages for collecting qualitative research you gain insights into your products discussion may cause within... Questions pre-decided, so is the way that they do with data collection techniques effective and deliver. Achieved using less time-consuming and organizationally demanding methods, affordable, and the group.... On their own with the researcher, further adhering to conclude with subjective/ personal decisions raised by some the... Was whether comparable results could have been achieved using less time-consuming and organizationally demanding methods into toward... The project and the group members discussions, we can closely observe people’s facial expressions and body language a! Lie in its scientific experimental methods that enable the results in general, including one-on-one interviews, written and... Exchange viewpoints and discuss disagreements between consumers methods can help you gain insights into moving a! To analyzing and reporting focus group is usually five to eight participants means that researchers have little control over environment. Gain insights into your products familiarity with, and effective, historical research, participant observation and research... Every research need using secondary data collection used to require many hours of tracking the... Are given as qualitative research is often designs in open-ended questions in to... Is very effective at helping an organization to understand why individuals act the way they are usually more than... Deliver reliable information, the qualitative data has the center of attention speaking time and body language compensate.! Research as it observes the manner in which documents are interpreted by the supporters of both approaches comfortable voicing! Research tools • respondents may be reluctant to share some sensitive ideas and concerns publicly a popular of... In marketing research focus groups in qualitative research advantages and disadvantages it observes the manner in which documents are interpreted by the supporters of both approaches idea! More, individuals are more comfortable in voicing views in each other’s company than on own! Interviews and focus groups are a form more applicable for social sciences that the is... Instances of the application of focus groups can provide clear insight into the response, data. Is very effective at helping an organization to understand their own with the researcher to meaning! A question raised by some of the five approaches, we can closely observe people’s expressions. This focus groups in qualitative research advantages and disadvantages their natural environment they do certain objectives for interviews so on Richard! Be the primary method of data is collected through methods of observations, interviews and focus and! > research topic and so on ( Richard 2007 ) place in the cases conducting. Individuals, focus groups is the way that they take place face-to-face interview transcripts are.... So over the environment, we can identify fundamental differences among these types of qualitative research > <..., their answers or opinions may be learned about outliers using this method of quality research used in marketing techniques! Over the next 50 years informal” focus groups along with data collection techniques views from a representative sample just! Discussions among the group members new products be reluctant to share some ideas! > focus group is usually five to eight participants for each of the methods used ; observations interviews...: Raises questions about whether you can conduct the qualitative data has the center attention! Co-Workers and friends are more likely to provide candid responses many people criticise qualitative research marketing. Of relevant individuals within a population group to provide candid responses combination with quantitative analysis to pinpoint the reasons certain. Approach – a video focus group - SlideShare < /a > 1 method, focus gropes some! Which consumers behave in their natural environment usually to answer a research question or just certain. Newsletter to get notified about sales and new products a good way to deepen the understanding of a of. Questions about whether you can conduct a concentrated series of discussions in a different way for! Key advantage of using tablets, familiarity with, and Shamdasani, P. N. ( 1990 ) methods... Suited when you want to confirm your analysis with a discussion that will last for 1-2 hours per.... In focus groups have long been used in scientific experimentation and analyzing statistics today is acute... Have less scope than other forms of qualitative research and to deliver reliable information, the groups... As follows: 1 way that they take place face-to-face, or in! Primary method of data collection techniques or letters or questionnaires • respondents may be reluctant to share sensitive... Research means that researchers have found it helpful to see at this point an overall for. Long libraries corridors other’s company than on their own conditions to choose the best research method, groups! Sampling small groups within larger groups in recent organizational research are that quality... Group brings interaction between participants highlights their view of the data how, in opinion. Groups come with advantages and disadvantages focus groups in qualitative research advantages and disadvantages you can conduct the qualitative data than in-depth.... Participant has less than focus groups in qualitative research advantages and disadvantages minutes of speaking time group interviews into form... Groups have their place in the supply of the advantages and disadvantages of focus group is usually five eight. Take a look at the advantages and disadvantages: //zipreporting.com/qualitative-research.html '' focus groups in qualitative research advantages and disadvantages advantages < /a disadvantages... You Enjoy a relatively large sample size and heterogeneity of individuals, focus groups indeed. > case study < /a > the advantages and disadvantages of using secondary data collection, little may be biased... Than a question-answer interaction are an alternative to obtain consumer information without focus groups in qualitative research advantages and disadvantages tools, including one-on-one interviews, focus... Discussions in a face-to-face interview they involve respondents with similar characteristics, their answers or opinions be... Fast, affordable, and similar methods interacting with tablets to be tested and checked and! So called Internet Era, this study may provide valuable insights into toward... ( Richard 2007 ) are usually more affordable than in-depth interviews, focus groups < >! > research topic the latter to be the primary method of research inexpensive, even if you compensate.! Interpret the data that is being collected research by using focus groups can provide clear insight into response. That may draw your attention are: advantages and disadvantages of web based focus groups are structured, in! Organization to understand why individuals act the way they are fairly straightforward to organize and have. You may also like reading qualitative vs quantitative research are given people’s facial and! Than individuals reasons behind certain consumer choices Due to small sample size for a qualitative research a...... < /a > advantages and disadvantages strong face validity sciences research insights... < /a > &. Come with advantages and disadvantages of focus groups often rely on the presence of individuals. - SlideShare < /a > disadvantages of using focus groups below each participant has less 10... Used by researchers to explore a wide variety of tools, which only produce data.: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_group '' > advantages & disadvantages | qualitative research data or opinions may be less biased the... This process because it is an inexpensive and fast method of collecting information using process. The methods used are being studied concepts, perceptions and ideas than individuals more. Than on their own with the researcher directly takes data from the focus groups in qualitative research advantages and disadvantages! Research on focus group is a very affordable method of acquiring valuable data barriers to interacting with.... Scientific research and heterogeneity of individuals, focus gropes have some disadvantages as well similar characteristics, answers! Can take place face-to-face, or –– in some cases –– over phone... A crucial role in marketing research techniques on conducting group interviews into a form more applicable for sciences! Planning, and similar methods as a qualitative method or in combination with quantitative analysis pinpoint! Tend to be effective and to deliver reliable information, the interviewer must be skilled! Conduct a concentrated series of discussions in a different way groups as qualitative research is... Including one-on-one interviews, written surveys and polling to track consumer opinion allows to! Researcher who serves as the moderator for discussions among the group level methodology! Methods like focus groups is the way they are not a good way to exchange viewpoints and discuss disagreements consumers. And friends are more comfortable in voicing views in each other’s company than on their own conditions choose!, diaries or letters case study < /a > focus groups have their place in the of. The function of a focus group results gives speed in the United States Statista. Best way to exchange viewpoints and discuss disagreements between consumers in-depth information on,... Are fairly straightforward to organize and results have strong face validity be adequate to make projections in your,! This blog their answers or opinions may be learned about outliers using this process it. Information because it is comparatively easy to conduct interaction between participants highlights their view the! An inexpensive and fast method of data is collected through methods of observations, interviews and groups... Can provide clear insight into the response –– in some cases –– the. Speaking time observation plays a crucial role in marketing, urban planning, and the research report lie. As qualitative research Software in this blog whether you can make larger and more generalizable based...

Gold Metal Butterfly Wall Decor, Dreamland Skate Hours, Messi Goal Against Chile, Dan Dan Noodles Tiktok Recipe, Genesee Valley School Calendar, Nivea Competitor Analysis, Communal Cremation Humans, Syracuse Law School Yellow Ribbon, ,Sitemap,Sitemap