naive scientist vs cognitive miser

/F2 22 0 R Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association, Social Psychology: Bringing It All Together, Summative (additive model): the valence of all traits are summed, Averaging: the valence of all traits are averaged, Weighted averaging: the valence of all traits are first weighted (based on the importance of the variable within the context) and then averaged regarded as the, People may sense the world similarly, but perceive it differently. 0 0 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 -Self-justification: justifying destructive behaviors << 24 0 obj In this sense, effective communication can be achieved if media provide audiences with cognitive shortcuts or heuristics that are resonate with underlying audience schemata. endobj -In-group bias: tendency to favor individuals within our group over those from outside our group /F4 24 0 R variability, when the category is. Instead, Fiske, Taylor, and Arie W. Kruglanski and other social psychologists offer an alternative explanation of social cognition: the motivated tactician. [2][3], The term cognitive miser was first introduced by SusanFiske and ShelleyTaylor in 1984. Add to folder [5][6] These shortcuts include the use of schemas, scripts, stereotypes, and other simplified perceptual strategies instead of careful thinking. Please sign in to share these flashcards. << /Contents 44 0 R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Three lines of research within the Cognitive Miser. [12], The study of attributions had two effects: it created further interest in testing the naive scientist and opened up a new wave of social psychology research that questioned its explanatory power. who has been shaped as a cognitive miser, now engages in shallow deliberative processes. Barr . makes us behave like naive scientists, rationally and logically testing our hypotheses about the behavior of others. That is, habitual cooperators assume most of the others as cooperators, and habitual defectors assume most of the others as defectors. /S /Transparency What is social contagion? /Resources << The cognitive miser theory is an . /F3 23 0 R /Subtype /Type1 July 2015 . What causes deindividuation? The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristics and attributionalbiases to explain when and why people are cognitive misers. -low education, income, and occupational status makes them to be at a greater risk for prejudice and willingness to resort to violence. /Widths [278] 6 0 obj \hline \$ 8,000 & 5,000 \text { diamonds } \\ /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] << others. Instead, Fiske, Taylor, and ArieW.Kruglanski and other social psychologists offer an alternative explanation of social cognition: the motivatedtactician. -Flawed scientists: controlled processing, consistency, distinctive, consensus (deeper thinking). [34], The theory that human beings are cognitive misers, also shed light on the dual process theory in psychology. -Aggression: westerners feel angry to people they are close to or when they are mistreated, easterners opposite What are behavioral consequences of the threat of isolation? 3,000 & 10,000 \\ Transcribed image text: Question 33 (Mandatory) (1 point) The perspective that our needs, values, or goals at a given time impact our categorization of other people is known as the view. >> They argue that people start the process of impression formation by Attempting to observe things freshly and in detail is mentally exhausting, especially among busy affairs. >> 2 [91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R nave scientist cognitive miser motivated tactician outgroup homogeneity Previous question Next question /BaseFont /Times#20New#20Roman . /Type /Group -Lowballing: getting people to commit to a certain amount /StructParents 1 11 [312 0 R 313 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 318 0 R 319 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB She chooses to stop deliberation and act According to this theory, people employ either shortcuts or thoughtful analysis based upon the context and salience of a particular issue. What is an internal versus an external attribution? A question arises, but System 1 does not generate an answer. >> /Parent 2 0 R [35], The theory that human beings are cognitive misers, also shed light on the dualprocesstheory in psychology. << -Reduced hostility by engaging both groups in activities together, require them to accomplish certain goals. Olivier . << Dual process theory proposes that there are two types of cognitive processes in human mind. The brain in your pocket: evidence that smartphones are used to supplant thinking . [21] Unless the cognitive environment meets certain requirements, we will try to avoid thinking as much as possible. Kruglanski said people are flexible social thinkers who choose between multiple cognitive strategies based on current goals or needs, people are motivated tacticians. /GS7 27 0 R The cognitive miser theory is an . 473480 . In addition to streamlining cognition in complicated, analytical tasks, the cognitive miser approach is also used when dealing with unfamiliar issues and issues of great importance. /Group << Sometimes leads us to hold on to incorrect and negativebeliefs/schemas. [2] According to this theory, people employ either shortcuts or thoughtful analysis based upon the context and salience of a particular issue. /Group << "[19] In their work, Kahneman and Tversky demonstrated that people rely upon different types of heuristics or mental short cuts in order to save time and mental energy. -Summer camp for boys with two groups, they had flags and motto's etc Contrast the wage and salary share to the profit share in terms of relative size. Cognitive misers usually act in two ways: by ignoring part of the information to reduce their own cognitive load, or by overusing some kind of information to avoid finding more information. Heuristics are one way that we save resources. /FirstChar 32 Jennifer A. . Here is an example of how people's belief are formed under the dual process model in several steps: The reasoning process can be activated to help with the intuition when: Conflicts also exists in this dual-process. partner, friend, parent, celebrities), Role schema: knowledge structures about role occupants(e.g. /Subtype /Type1 What is in-group bias? -Groupthink: mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /ExtGState << /F1 21 0 R Rossi . naive scientist cognitive miser motivated tactician Consistency seeker we want consistency between prior beliefs about the world and our interpretations of new situations Naive scientist individuals gather relevant information un-selectively and construct social reality in an unbiased way Cognitive miser New York . /ExtGState << Weather it is the theory of adjusting the way we act by social Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards; Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card; The cognitive processes & structures that influence, & areinfluenced by, social behaviour, COGNITIVE CONSISTENCY: people strive for consistency amongcognitions as inconsistency is unpleasant, BUT people are remarkably tolerant of cognitive inconsistency, Errors are due to limited or inaccurate information & motivational considerations (e.g. What sort of characteristics go together to form certain types of personality? /S /Transparency -Single vivid instances: dominate our images of group members. >> Known as the knowledge deficit model, this point of view is based on idealistic assumptions that education for science literacy could increase public support of science, and the focus of science communication should be increasing scientific understanding among lay public. Ex) slightly unprejudiced becomes less prejudiced and vice versa. Which of the following is a theoretical example of a consistency seeker model of social cognition? What kinds of differences are found in attention, cognition, emotion and behaviors based on cultural dimensions such as independence/interdependence or individualistic versus collectivist? a. Cookie policy. 17 0 obj It spans a topic. /S /Transparency >> -Western: independent self, self-contained and autonomous 332 0 R 333 0 R 334 0 R 335 0 R 336 0 R] Recent psychological studies have looked very closely at when and why people engage in careful cognitive . >> How do dissonance reduction and self-justification affect prejudice and discrimination? /Tabs /S >> The dual processing system can produce cognitive illusions. /Creator (alibabadownload.com) ETSU Online Programs - http://www.etsu.edu/onlineModule 4 - Social Psychology: Cognitive Misers, Schemas, & Social CognitionMOD 04 EP 15 The nave scientist and attribution theory Further information: Attribution theory Before Fiske and Taylor's cognitive miser theory, the predominant model of social cognition was the nave scientist. /Font << if we can't find evidence that matches the hypothesis is false. concept, type of stimulus). It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. "[19] In their work, Kahneman and Tversky demonstrated that people rely upon different types of heuristics or mental short cuts in order to save time and mental energy. endobj /Resources << /BaseFont /Times-Roman >> PSYC 137 Chapter 1-6 - Summary Social Cognition: From Brains to Culture - PSYC 137 Chapter 1: Point: - StuDocu Chapters 1-6 psyc 137 chapter notes chapter introduction main point: nave psychology and cognitive psychology are themes in social cognition research. What is the motivation of the cognitive miser? endobj /Annots [51 0 R] We'll bring you back here when you are done. << Known as the knowledge deficit model, this point of view is based on idealistic assumptions that education for science literacy could increase public support of science, and the focus of science communication should be increasing scientific understanding among lay public. >> /F3 23 0 R 4 0 obj According to Walter Lippmann's arguments in his classic book Public Opinion,[13] people are not equipped to deal with complexity. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 > unusual & distinctive attracts our attention> signifies potential danger detection has survival value. 9 [262 0 R 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 268 0 R 269 0 R 270 0 R 271 0 R What does WEIRD refer to? << The process of understanding what something is by knowing the degree to which something is extreme) is >> 13 0 obj Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is Copyright 2009-2022, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. %PDF-1.4 What is the best treatment for groupthink? What is an attribution? << [2][34] Yet certain pitfalls may be neglected in these shortcuts. Everything you always wanted to know. >> *P?9-(A4wP"gr=I @OkZR+tfOBT$!/47(}X0N>q*0@pa 6G$B3WG$ucj?d7tN%1LiWmqw orY;M#a~)vTiU o2"yHaUr@JiilHcGo'5"I;Y?D-'y~ >> Describe the Robber's Cave Studies. How do responses on the TST illustrate the characteristics of different cultures? /Font << 5 [166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R 170 0 R 171 0 R 172 0 R 173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R >> 1) time - short of time = use cog. /F3 23 0 R Later models suggest that the cognitive miser and the nave scientist create two poles of social cognition that are too monolithic. Later models suggest that the cognitive miser and the nave scientist create two poles of social cognition that are too monolithic. /Contents 40 0 R A practical example of cognitive misers' way of thinking in risk assessment of DeepwaterHorizonexplosion, is presented below. The last chapter ended with a new model of the social knower, able to function strategically as either naive scientist or cognitive miser. Does a flawed scientist use automatic processing (system 1/intuitive) or controlled processing (or system 2/analytical/)? However, other psychologists also argue that the cognitively miserly tendency of humans is a primary reason why "humans are often less than rational". 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R 213 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] endobj HWKoFW. [36] These two cognitive processing systems are not separate and can have interactions with each other. Stereotype, as a phenomenon, has become a standard topic in sociology and social psychology.[14]. [3] This view holds that evolution makes the brain's allocation and use of cognitive resources extremely embarrassing. COGNITIVE MISER: people use the least complex & demandingcognitions that are able to produce generally adaptivebehaviours people are limited in capacity to process information, take numerous cognitive shortcuts /Contents 43 0 R As a result, one will generally believe one's impressions and act on one's desires. Applying this framework to human thought processes, nave scientists seek the consistency and stability that comes from a coherent view of the world and need for environmental control. /GS8 28 0 R Main Point: aside from cognition motivation also plays a large role in the social thinker. 26 0 obj The motivated tactician approach The cognitive miser approach The nave scientist approach None of the above. /Resources << [40] Kruglanski proposed that people are combination of nave scientists and cognitive misers: people are flexible social thinkers who choose between multiple cognitive strategies (i.e., speed/ease vs. accuracy/logic) based on their current goals, motives, and needs.[40]. What does meta-analysis discover about cultural differences in conformity and aggression. In other words, this theory suggests that humans are, in fact, both naive scientists and cognitive misers. endobj /Contents 38 0 R 72 0 R] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /GS7 27 0 R If you (or your child) are prone to any of these, you just might be a cognitive miser:. -WEIRD: White, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic /Parent 2 0 R -In group: (us) Suppose that the marginal cost of mining diamonds is constant at $1,000 per diamond, and the demand for diamonds is described by the following schedule: PriceQuantity$8,0005,000diamonds7,0006,0006,0007,0005,0008,0004,0009,0003,00010,0002,00011,0001,00012,000\begin{array}{rl} can use quick, automatic heuristics without deliberating in some contexts & controlled, effortful thinking with carefuldeliberation in others, SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE Explores the neurologicalunderpinnings of processestraditionally examined by socialpsychology, use of fMRI to study brainphenomena, e.g. -Foot in the door: have someone respond positively to a small request, then to a large one Define 'groupthink' and describe its symptoms and impact on decision making. -Between groups: overestimate differences, view the other groups as more homogeneous. Sandrine . The cognitive miser is someone who is reluctant to think deeply about things. /F3 23 0 R /S /Transparency 10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.029. That is, habitual cooperators assume most of the others as cooperators, and habitual defectors assume most of the others as defectors. social Introducing Ask an Expert DismissTry Ask an Expert Ask an Expert what effects does motivation have on hypothesis testing? << [18] However, in relying upon heuristics instead of detailed analysis, like the information processing employed by Heider's nave scientist, biased information processing is more likely to occur. /Type /Page /Resources << An event is detected to violate the model of world that System 1 maintains. AS such, categorization provides >> /F3 23 0 R things that change one's thinking (cognitive miser vs naive scientist) . << >> /F2 22 0 R 10 [286 0 R 287 0 R 288 0 R 289 0 R 290 0 R 291 0 R 292 0 R 293 0 R 294 0 R 295 0 R /Encoding /Identity-H When does it occur? /F4 24 0 R endobj What topics are of interest to Social Psychologists? /ExtGState << /Subtype /TrueType What is the Sensation vs Perception Bias? -automatic responses, eye contact, speech problems, etc, -Minimal intergroup paradigm: the minimal conditions required for discrimination to occur between groups. First proposed in 1958 by Fritz Heider in The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations, this theory holds that humans think and act with dispassionate rationality whilst engaging in detailed and nuanced thought processes for both complex and routine actions. /Type /Group 28 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] What is social loafing? /Parent 2 0 R The basic principle is to save mental energy as much as possible, even when it is required to "use your head". First proposed by Fritz Heider in 1958, the Nave scientist model [3] of cognition conceptualizes individuals as actors with limited information that want to derive an accurate understanding of the world. System 2 may also have no clue to the error. People's behavior is not based on direct and certain knowledge, but pictures made or given to them. [22], Samuel Popkin argues that voters make rational choices by using information shortcuts that they receive during campaigns, usually using something akin to a drunkard'ssearch. 306 0 R 307 0 R 308 0 R 309 0 R 310 0 R 311 0 R] /GS7 27 0 R ->paying an increase of the original price for extras How fundamental is the fundamental attribution theory? << 667 556 611 722 722 944 0 0 0 333 -O6'3:gLM./HP7f_Pm.Td]o>/pv/%]*+x/v]s&huL?tF&|A{>[#ncBq7_ \* gUF g53sV{jwL~*Q?L"\Nc7S;Jv_TO#,$=wa)3bpmn0`n^m9s;'g0lOwPO qu?tv,. >> When does anonymity lead to negative social behaviors? >> Before this, human thinking was. >> >> Wim . /BM /Normal Thus, people usually do not think rationally, but use cognitive shortcuts to make inferences and form judgments and only engage in careful, thoughtful processing when necessary. That is to say, people live in a second-handed world with mediated reality, where the simplified model for thinking (i.e., stereotypes) could be created and maintained by external forces. [15] Fiske and Taylor, building upon the prevalence of heuristics in human cognition, offered their theory of the cognitive miser. /Type /Page -Emotion: Americans rated the central figure without basing it off of those around it, Japanese was opposite. 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 444 500 444 It is, in many ways, a unifying theory which suggests that humans engage in economically prudent thought processes, instead of acting like scientists who rationally weigh costs and benefits, test hypothesis, and update expectations based upon the results of the experiments that are our everyday actions. -Threat of isolation: can lead us to behave in self-destructive ways and even impair, -Tendency of group discussion to strengthen the dominant positions held by group members. /F1 21 0 R >> The cognitive miser and focal bias . /Font << Distinguish between a durable consumer good and a nondurable consumer good. Hence, influence from external factors are unneglectable in shaping peoples stereotypes. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. [32] People apply a number of shortcuts or heuristics in making judgements about the likelihood of an event, because the rapid answers provided by heuristics are often right. What is the difference between situational factors and dispositional factors? be a cognitive miser, and second categorization clarifies and redefines our >> endobj >> Samuel Popkin argues that voters make rational choices by using information shortcuts that they receive during campaigns, usually using something akin to a drunkard's search. 7 [218 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R /F3 23 0 R This second effect helped to lay the foundation for Fiske and Taylor's cognitive miser.[9]. /GS8 28 0 R 29 0 obj -A model that accounts for the two basic ways that attitude change occurs - with and without much thought. a. In what ways do we view members of our In-group differently from out-groups? \end{array} The Cognitive miser model is a view of information processing that assumes the human mind is rather limited in time, knowledge, attention, and cognitive resources. /LastChar 32 [9][pageneeded] In this sense people are strategic instead of passively choosing the most effortless shortcuts when they allocate their cognitive efforts, and therefore they can decide to be nave scientists or cognitive misers depending on their goals. << /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /StructParents 3 What is social comparison theory? -Obedience: submission to authority /F3 23 0 R -People get aroused in crowds and self-awareness dissipates.

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