how does douglass refute this counterclaim?

Douglass never tired of quoting the lines of Byron to this effect: Who would be free, themselves must strike the blow. To the end, he held strongly to the principle that he stressed in an 1855 editorial: our elevation as a race, is almost wholly dependent upon our own exertions.[55]. Standing in the foreground of the Lincoln Memorial nearly 50 years ago, Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered the most famous speech by any American in the 20th century. This deep, Lockean insight, which he shared, once again, with Americas Founders, moved Douglass to defend the natural right of property against errors and attacks from divergent positions. America is said, and not without reason, to be preeminently the home and patron of self-made men. Including using the example of Joseph and his brothers, as well as the Israelites being slaves in Egypt (a) In what ways is Douglass's word choice suited to his audience? The counterclaim is just one of the four elements of an argument, which include: Claim - to assert facts that give rise to a legally enforceable right or judicial action. He allowed that Lincolns election has demonstrated the possibility of electingan anti-slavery reputation to the Presidency of the United States.[24] But an anti-slavery reputation was a far cry from a genuine abolitionist, in Douglasss estimation, and Douglass at first expected little of Lincoln, who did not share his radically abolitionist reading of the Constitution. When he spoke those words he was less than 10 years removed from the depredations of slavery, and the position he took in that 1847 speech reiterates the signature doctrine of his early Garrisonian mentors, for whom condemnation of the Constitution as a villainous compromise with slavery represented an article of abolitionist faith. But this is the opinion of the Founding and, more generally, of the nations basic moral architecture that critics have propounded widely in todays schools and universities. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - daxasys.com V, p. 78. Debate participants will often prepare counterclaims in order to have a rebuttal ready for their opponent. He then begins to think getting his education could be his way to liberty and freedom and though he endeavors to learn much as he can, he starts to doubt whether he is correct or not. 7282. We must not beg men to do for us what we ought to do for ourselves. From that moment on, Frederick Bailey was resolved to escape slaveryor die trying. The propensity of the latter, he warned, was to foster an enervating spirit of alienationa perpetual longing for some mighty revolution, diverting and dissipating the energies of those who harbored it.[59]. All rights reserved. Such practices implicated southern white landowners in a conspiracy to refrain from selling land to black would-be buyers and to compensate black laborers only by means that prevented them from accumulating any savings. The authorsTEACHING ESSAYS BUNDLEincludes the threeprintable and digitalresources students need to mastertheCCSS W.1 argumentative and W.2 informational/explanatory essays. V, pp. Post author: Post published: junho 22, 2022 Post category: when would the undeposited funds feature not be necessary? Douglass labored throughout his postwar career to preserve and propagate this enlarged, moralized understanding among a war-weary loyalist population longing for reunion and a stable peace. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought processes of the various slave owners help to substantiate his assertion. Finally, answer the question at the bottom of the page. A fair-minded observer could scarcely deny that for many Americans, race still does matter. Evidence - something that proves the truth of a claim, or leads to a . A rebuttal is when the author disproves an argument. When Douglass remarked on Americas inexpiable debt to those who had been enslaved, he was not demanding an effort to restore, however imperfectly, the actual and potential material wealth that slavery had stolen from its victims. Visiting Scholar, 2016-17 Visiting Fellow in American Political Thought, Frederick Douglasss America: Race, Justice, and the Promise of the Founding, Presidents Day Reflections on George Washingtons American Character, http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wjclintonmemphis.htm, http://www.thurgoodmarshall.com/speeches/constitutional_speech.htm, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/doughtml/doughome.html. What is the Function of a Claim in an Argument? He states This battle with Mr. Douglasss suggestions in these remarks about the proper way to conceive of reparation for slavery nicely encapsulate his political thought in the postwar period and indeed throughout his entire career. He understands that education is his only way out of slavery. [60] Douglass, This Decision Has Humbled the Nation, in Douglass Papers, Vol. III, p. 274. In each piece of literature both authors also unknowingly touch on topics of early American history such as free labor ideology and paternalism therefore deepening our knowledge of popular understandings during this time period. In paragraph 5, (a) What does Douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his A few of which include inequality, education, and Christianity as the keys to freedom in terms of its true values within the institution of slavery. Throughout his postwar career, he remained acutely aware of the depth of the injuries inflicted by slavery and of the persisting power of racial prejudice, and he was carefully attentive to the claims of corrective justice. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought. This strategy displays the idea that slaves were seen as property and could be discarded easily. Here, where universal suffrage is the ruleto rule us out is to make us an exception, to brand us with the stigma of inferiority, and to invite to our heads the missiles of those about us.[38], This was no merely abstract consideration. IV, p. 302. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. In Douglasss day, the forces of disintegration were represented by slaveholders, white supremacists, segregationists, colonizationists, and the more extreme partisans of state or regional sovereignty, and also by black emigrationists and other proponents of black nationalism in its own more extreme forms. [58] The Blessings of Liberty and Education, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Accept the criticism of the counterclaim. An argumentative essay is an essay in which the author makes a claim (argument) and then attempts to persuade their audience to believe their claim through reasons, evidence, and the addressing of counterclaims. The charge of a pro-slavery Constitution was a slander upon [the] memory of the Framers, he contended; interpreted as it ought to be interpreted, the Constitution is a glorious liberty document. Consider the constitution according to its plain reading, Douglass continued, and I defy the presentation of a single pro-slavery clause in it. [50] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 286; Douglass to Stowe, March 8, 1853, in Life and Writings, Vol. America must be envisioned and remade by its white and black citizens alike as AfricanAmericans genuine home, not merely by the accident and force of necessity but as an object of their rational and sentimental identification. ete the task. Finally, in the introduction is the thesis (claim). (a) In one sentence, state Douglass's argument, -abolsih slavery in the eyes of God/our country. 9 chapters | The short essay, Slavery as a Mythologized Institution, explains how people in that time period justified the disgusting behavior that was demonstrated regularly. What [Lincoln] said on this day, Douglass wrote in his final autobiography, showed a deeper moral conviction against slavery than I had ever seen before in anything spoken or written by him.[26]. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? How does Douglass refute this counterclaim? [32] Douglasss response was disarmingly blunt. Douglass states that "scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed." His new duties in that office compelled him, as he later wrote, to re-think the whole subject, and to study, with some care, not only the just and proper rules of legal interpretation, but the origin, design, nature, rights, powers, and duties of civil government.[13] This rethinking, he reported, brought about a radical change in my opinions.[14] At the center of that change was a radical reappraisal of the American Founding. In response, Garrison intensified his calls for the dissolution of the American Union, while influential black abolitionists urged blacks to surrender their hopes in America and emigrate. in Literary Studies. His careful planning paid off in September 1838, when he fled Baltimore disguised as a seaman and made his way ultimately to New Bedford, Massachusetts, where he settled, a newly married man, and took the surname Douglass from the hero in Sir Walter Scotts epic poem The Lady of the Lake. These were indeed terrible enough; but deeper down, and more terrible still, were the mental and moral wrongs that slavery inflicted. Curiosity may have killed the cat, but it will help you be a good interviewer. Frederick Douglass shows her fast transformation from generosity to hard-heartedness to show the pernicious effect slavery has on white slave owners. Most urgently, he taught them to reject the spirit of alienation, which he saw as the greatest danger to any peoples liberation and elevation. work!! Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Latest answer posted March 08, 2021 at 10:42:24 AM. Douglass unveils the atrocious truth about slavery that was hidden for so many years. The position of Douglass and constitutional radicals, by contrast, was that the Constitution was in the strict sense abolitionist. He cites literacy as a pathway to humanity and ultimately freedom, one which he ironically discovered when Mr. Auld made his feelings about black literacy known. In a more formal way, she might say, 'Your current situation does not require a new cell phone.' how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - ammcap.com But he makes it equally clear that slavery was not successful in achieving this aim. Wiki User. It is difficult to challenge the accuracy of the first hand account offered. IV, p. 68. Later, he finds out that while the conditions are slightly better there is still a great deal of injustice. Roy P. Basler (Cambridge, Mass. If he had he would have faced much more threats than he did. The purpose of an argument, whether it's in a paper or a speech, is to convince or persuade. [41] Address of the Colored National Convention, in Life and Writings, Vol. The specific nature of slaverys worst wrongs, however, suggested a more definite approach. In other words, rather than attempting to restore what slavery took from its victims in actual or potential acquirements of wealth and status, governments should secure opportunities and lend support for the freedpeoples own efforts in self-improvement and self-elevation. He never had a pair of shoes, no matter how cold it got ,and had only a single thin shift to wear, summer and winter. I teach a seventh grade ELA class and weve just finished reading Walk Two Moonsby Sharon Creech. Most Africans that were either captured, born, or sold in America, lived the life of a typical slave, however Frederick Douglass was the exception. His life was transformed yet again in August 1841, when the nations foremost abolitionist, William Lloyd Garrison, heard him speak at meetings in New Bedford and Nantucket, Massachusetts, and promptly offered him a position as a lecturer for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. III, p. 218 (emphasis added). (make). In like manner, the election of Barack Obama as President might be viewed as the culminating, climactic event of the Civil Rights Era, signifying the advent of a post-racial America and vindicating once and for all the mainstream, integrationist tradition in AfricanAmerican political thought lately exemplified by King. Post comments: direct characterization of clarisse fahrenheit 451 direct characterization of clarisse fahrenheit 451 Douglass describes this memory as the "blood-stained gate" through which he entered slavery, and he is struck throughout at how the institution made tyrants of whites. Douglass's life-story is presented in a way that creates a compelling argument against the justification of slavery. God and nature speak to our manhood and manhood alone.[58]. Step-by-step explanation: Answer options: a. dependence on a neighbor for water trade access; The United States should ban capital punishment. For Douglass as for Abraham Lincoln, America was, after all, the last, best hope of Earth.[62]. Provide a quotation from the speech that shows Douglass's response to the counterclaim identified. Concluding his July Fourth oration in 1852, he reassured his audience, I do not despair of this country. I hope you win your next argument! If the author's claim is that organ selling should be legalized, an example of an effective counterclaim would be that organ selling should not be legalized because it can drive up the cost of organ transplants, meaning that only the rich could afford to receive a transplant. [7] I develop this argument at length in Frederick Douglass: Race and the Rebirth of American Liberalism (Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas, 2008). Education empowers people to make good decisions and paves a future that provides opportunities. When providing evidence to support reasoning, always make sure that the evidence comes from a credible source and that it is directly relevant to the reasoning. Douglass states that "scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed." Frederick Douglass's America: Race, Justice, and the Promise of the But in 1804 the North voted to abolish slavery but the South refused making states escape the union.Slavery in the South had an effect on the economy, but also on the slaves.Frederick Douglass, who was once a slave with his family in Maryland suffered greatly, but still pushed on and finally escaped and became a national leader of the abolition in the south movement.He made a narrative about his life as a slave and stated that the purpose of the narrative is to throw light on the American slave system.The goal of this paper is to discuss three aspects his narrative discusses that he throws light on, his position against the feelings of defenders of, The Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass is the story of Frederick Douglass life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. Yet, while Douglass narrative describes in vivid detail his experiences of life as a slave, what Douglass intends for his readers to grasp after reading his narrative is something much more profound. We want [the voting right], Douglass explained in his most extended discussion of the question, because it is our right, first of all. A few of which include inequality, education, and Christianity as the keys to freedom in terms of its true values within the institution of slavery. Frederick Douglass's speech "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" has many of the elements of a good argumentative structure. He in a sense manipulates the children around him into teaching him how to read and write. So, not only does the author work on proving their claim, but they work on disproving the counterclaim or opposition's argument. That appreciation was, however, specific to the maturity of his thought. 202203 (emphasis added). In Americas dedication to principles of natural human rights set forth in the Declaration of Independence, Douglass found reason to love and identify with his country, despite the injustices that he and his people had suffered. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? A counterclaim is just the opposite of a claim. Learn what a claim and counterclaim is in argumentative texts, and study examples of the components of an argument. The one thing needful, then, was to elect an abolitionist governing majority at the federal level. Douglass attempts to show us how African American slaves were still human beings like their white counterparts, there have been numerous instances where it is shown that many whites did not want to accept slaves as true humans. But the final, unimpeachable confirmation of Lincolns anti-slavery commitment came for Douglass in August 1864, when the President, fearing that a demoralized electorate would soon force a premature end to the war, summoned Douglass to the White House to discuss a covert scheme for liberating as many as possible in the meantime. Evaluating an Argument Guidelines & Examples | What is an Argument? Religion and intellectual inferiority were concepts that were used to manipulate the minds of everyone around into believing that practicing slavery was acceptable. Slavery was established by religious law. The implication was that the agitation that abolitionists had begun could never be finally pacified until slavery was finally abolished. A great deal is at stake in this critique, and it demands a clear, forthright response: These charges against the Founders are false as well as pernicious. She is certified to teach 6-12 grade ELA. Northerners, remembering their revolutionary heritage enough, at least, to remain vigilant in defense of their own rights, would increasingly view these actions as aggressions until the point was reached that slaveholders, by their own imperial overreach, had assembled a coalition of enemies too large for them to defeat. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? II, pp. The more difficult ones were put in place by Douglass in order to provide a deep and profound statement, without arousing too much opposition. Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) was a former slave who became a nationally recognized abolitionist orator during the antebellum period. to confirm your understanding of the speech. On one side, he rejected as plainly blasphemous the radical positivism expressed in the eminent Senator Henry Clays assertion that what the law makes property, is property.[42] At the other extreme, he judged it arrant nonsense to conflate the causes of abolitionism and socialism, as some abolitionists did in the belief that they could eradicate the desire for property in another human being only by eradicating the desire for private property of any kind. After providing the thesis in the introduction, the author then spends the entire essay working to prove that claim through sub-claims (the central claim broken down into smaller chunks), reasoning, and evidence. Key Arguments in "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass", There are a number of key arguments in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. [10] See, for example, Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of the Freedmens Monument in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, April 14, 1876, in The Frederick Douglass Papers: Series One, Vol. [27], Through long and deep reflection, Douglass finally came to regard Lincoln as the one manto whom we are more indebted for a United Nation and for American liberty than to any otherthe greatest statesman that ever presided over the destinies of this Republic.[28], Lincolns assassination was the crowning crime of slavery, as Douglass declared in his 1876 memorial, and it was also a damaging blow to hopes for a just and prudent policy for the nations postwar reconstruction. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? 556, 569. [5] As Abraham Lincoln and many others have observed, the claim that the Founders regarded blacks or nonwhites as beings lacking equal natural rights is altogether false. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Ivo Silveira 8877, km. Counterclaims are also provable and supportable by reasons and evidence. Who is Frederick Douglass' intended audience in his autobiography, the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass? The reasoning is the logic used to prove a claim. Woe, woe! The first of those, described above, was the most flagrantly pro-slavery legislation in U.S. history. If you've ever watched a detective show, then you know evidence. of people, -two football teams competing for State Champion. [11] Douglass, Speech at the American Anti-Slavery Society, May 11, 1847, in The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass, Vol. An effective argumentative essay will bring up counterclaims for two reasons: An effective counterclaim will both disagree with and disprove a claim. II, pp. Frederick Douglass In an essay or speech that presents an argument, the author often addresses counterclaims, or arguments made by opponents. Douglass's sometimes stern emphasis on the virtues of self-reliance and self-elevation does not mean that he had grown insensitive to the magnitude of the difficulties yet to be overcome; nor . They that can, may; I cannot. The claim is the author's argument that they are attempting to prove in the essay. Pro-slavery whites pointed out that black people, when questioned, said they were happy with their situation. He also goes on to say a number of other things that basically establish that slaves live an easy and good life compared to others. 217, 219. Everybody has asked the question, he complained in early 1865, and they learned to ask it early of the abolitionists, What shall we do with the negro after emancipation? Spirited and independent-minded by nature, Douglass could abide mentors only to a limited degree even as a young man. Due to this criticism, he had to mask much of his work with irony. The broadest and bitterest of the black mans misfortunes is the fact that he is everywhere regarded and treated as an exception to the principles and maxims which apply to other men.[35], In its concrete applications, Douglasss principle of fair play meant first that the white majority must refrain from various courses of action whereby it might be tempted to evade rather than to resolve properly the problem of race relations.

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