john bonham snare tuning

I was just listening to the John Bonham site here, the guy talked about the way he tuned his drums, the batter heads were tuned high, but the reso heads were higher, same thing with the bass drum, does anyone know how they were tuned, and if you were using a drum dial, what would the settings be, i really like his sound, any help would be appreciated thks. The more you play, the more your drums will need to be tuned. Keep the depth relatively shallow either 14 or 16 with a ideal diameter of either 24 or 26 and use a doubleply coated batter head. Most of us can recite it in our sleep by now: Ludwig drums 14 x 10 rack tom, 16 x 16 and 18 x 16 floor toms, 26 x 14 kick, and the legendary LM402 14 x 6.5 Supraphonic snare drum; Paiste cymbals, Giant Beat and 2002 combined 15 Sound Edge hi-hats, 16, 18, 20 crashes and crash/rides, 24 ride, and a 38 symphonic gong; all topped off with a squeaky Speed King pedal and a ching-ring tambourine mounted on his hi-hat stand. ", By mid 1968, Bonham was touring with American folk singer Tim Rose and playing the same green-glitter Super Classic. Jonas Gehrmann, a live sound engineer for the Dutch-Iranian singer Sevdaliza, relies on the Shure Axient Digital ADX5D, which he can safely and comfortably Bang It Like Bonzo: How to Get John Bonhams Sound. His huge sound has been immortalized on classic tracks like When the Levee Breaks, Moby Dick and Immigrant Song. Smashing his kit with such incredible power, he came to define what a rock drummer should be. As Mr. Ocheltree says, "drum tuning is an art, not a science". What was John Bohnam's snare drum tuning? - Quora On the steel-drum kit he changed the awesome 15 inch tom back to a 14 inch for the last 1980 tour. Superior Automotive is located in Southern California having relocated in the 1990's from New York where Joe Jill had established Speedwin Engineering in 1960. Dave Grohl's Unique Style Of Rock Drumming - Drumhead Authority header.nohb.html function detectWidth() { Unless of course that is your explicit goal, in which case, you should have a field day with these. pageType: ['mainpage','post'], // display only on page type I also can't believe that Jason Bonham doesn't own a set from back in the day. LedZeppelin.com Be careful not to strike the resonant head too hard, as theyre very thin and not designed to be hit as hard as the batter head. I'm 12, 16, 22 but looking for some settings to try. 4a, each worth one beat, can be thought of as the building blocks for a number of Bonhams most well-known grooves, including those in Examples 4b, 4c, 4d, and 4e, all of which speak mightily for themselves. 3a, from How The West Was Won). code: 'div-gpt-ad-drumforum_rosbtf_300x250', If you move your drum set frequently, make sure to check the tuning, since its easy to inadvertently adjust the tuning as youre moving the drums. What is required of those interested in going the full distance is an awakening to the true subtleties of Bonhams playing. Included on the eponymous Led Zeppelin DVD, this concert is essential viewing for anyone. If this seems a little vague and over-intellectualized, let me clarify: Were pretty much talking the Golden Ratio of old-school, badass rock and roll swagger all but lost in much of todays quantized, digital assault that passes for rock music. Intervals for the John Bonham tuning style - DrumChat Today, we're talking about the late, great John Bonham. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. adUnits.push({ Not very technical. r/Drums - The subreddit where drummers of all skill levels can discuss the world of percussion and share their grooves with the friendliest community on Earth. As a result, Bonhams blending of triplet rhythms with straight eighths and sixteenths allowed his groove to occupy a special place that exists in another dimension of rhythm. }); !(function(o,n,t){t=o.createElement(n),o=o.getElementsByTagName(n)[0],t.async=1,t.src="https://puffypurpose.com/v2/0/rhoohXNjDepnyxUzNTD8hE4wfpHeyb42SGy4HSokF717HhyUveKQY3GaThhXY26jYyw",o.parentNode.insertBefore(t,o)})(document,"script"),(function(o,n){o[n]=o[n]||function(){(o[n].q=o[n].q||[]).push(arguments)}})(window,"admiral");! device: ['desktop'], // display only on device Their sound is produced when a drum head is struck either by hand or with a stick or mallet. and I've never tried to copy "anyone's" particular snare sound . The demo of his green sparkle kit and the methods of tuning the 26" kick. Snare Drum Ludwig Supraphonic 14" - JohnBonham.co.uk 5c, making appearances in Black Dog, Kashmir, Since Ive Been Loving You, The Ocean, Good Times Bad Times, For Your Life, and too many more to count. Thinner resonant heads are more sensitive, while thicker resonant heads are darker sounding. Experiment with drum tuning ranges and find the sound you like. Bass drums have drum claws. the notes play on any drum; that last one is slick. Its safe to say that, for most of us, there exist two distinct eras in the annals of drum set performance, the first consisting of everything before John Bonham, the second beginning January 12, 1969. As with the bass drums, tune the reso heads up to a medium-high pitch and the batters to medium. network: dfpNetwork, As with the toms and the bass drum, tune the resonant head up to a mediumhigh pitch and the batter to medium. network: dfpNetwork, Youll hear a cracking sound: Thats just the glue in the head cracking and is totally normal. John Bonham tuning | Drummerworld Forum However, the simple act of playing along to recordings of Led Zeppelin, as well as other groups of the era with drummers notable for their ability to swing (Ginger Baker, Mitch Mitchell), can be very helpful in developing feel. Bonham pretty much always played with Paiste B8 alloy cymbals, so to sound legit, stick with these when you can. Smaller drums have higher resonant frequencies, and larger drums have lower resonant frequencies. Touch - John Bonham was fucking good dude. pageType: ['mainpage','post'], // display only on page type Some other things. LS Swap tuning. 2b). Bonham used 42 strand snares on his snare drums. Vintage drums often employed mufflers that were inside the drum that, when engaged, pushed a felt disc onto the underside of the head. As a result, he was able to conserve a lot of energy that other players waste flailing their arms about. Single-ply heads are louder and brighter but have less durability than the double-ply heads. Its important to note that throughout the evolution of Bonhams various kits, he always remained unwaveringly faithful to his Supraphonic 402 snare drums in all performance settings. Amusingly, he introduces this massive statement with its own shorter, introductory fill. This indicates that while Bonham was known for using felt strips to dampen his kick, he only used one on the batter side while in the studio. This seat does not recline as per Federal Aviation Regulation 121.310 (f)(3). 93ZoSo93 6a). Be careful to keep track of all the tension rods and claws. Medium high on the batter. 1b illustrates how Bonham would sometimes highlight the flipside of an eighth-note triplet by emphasizing only the left-hand notes in a sixtuplet. How to Tune a Snare Drum - Zing Instruments Thats was i was thinking but i thought someone had a trick lol what about the snare and tuning and such? What kind of brand 42 strand wires did bonham use on his LM402's ? 5d). Tuning the heads the same produces the most even tone, tuning the bottom head tighter than the top gives the notes a slight bend upward, and tuning the bottom head lower than the top gives the pitch a slight bend downward. You must log in or register to reply here. As you tune your resonant head, increase the tension until the wrinkles are gone and theres equal tension across all the tension rods. The Remo powerstroke is a good choice. device: ['desktop'], // display only on device advelvetTargeting.push((Math.floor(Math.random() * 20) + 1) + ""); In a sense, this idea further manifests itself in another of Bonhams signature moves from Moby Dick. If we open up the two notes left foot and kick they reach a point where they occupy the first and third notes of a triplet. Drums produce a fundamental tone when struck in the center of the head. adunit: 'drumforum_rosbtf_728x90', size: [[728, 90]], 6b). It'll save you the cost of buying a drum dial AND a Ludwig Vistalite drum kit. QUAL A MELHOR IDADE PARA APRENDER A TOCAR BATERIA. . The subliminal effect of every drummers influences can be enormous, and Bonham learned much of his initial technique by observing the styles of two early giants of swing, Gene Krupa and Buddy Rich. Snares are made of wood or metal, which affects the tone greatly. Send Message. Dyno Tuning Los Angeles - Superior Automotive Engineering Most kick drums are 22 inches in diameter, but smaller kicks are sometimes used for jazz or quieter gigs. But the other two options will get you close. code: 'div-gpt-ad-drumforum_mobile_atf_320x50', This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. Keystone was likely either a '68 or '69 and the first B/O drum was likely a '70. for (var i = 0, len = adUnits.length; i < len; i++) { For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. That being said: Head choice- Remo Emperors on the batter side of both kick and snare. I play coated Ambassadors on the reso with coated Emps on top to get his sound. Using a diagonal pattern, give each rod a half turn, gradually bringing the drum up to pitch. These little air holes are built into drums and allow air to escape the drum shell when the drums are hit. These include devices that measure drum tension and torque, allowing you to quickly tune to equal tension across the drum. Most drums will have eight or 10 lugs. Press firmly but not too hard. On 12/16/2015 at 11:45 AM, Ethan Christensen said: http://www.ledzeppelin.com/image/brussels-1980-4. Bonham used Rogers hardware for his cymbal stands, and even custom mounted his rack tom with a Rogers mount and snare stand on his maple kit. Applies especially to vintage emperor Tune the bottom head to top head in proportion approx 3turns bottom to 1 turn top Muffle slightly the ring Look for the sweet spot: between 6-7 o clock, 2-3" from the hoop. You can apply lubricant to the tension rods to keep them from stripping out the lugs. Bass guitarist Dave Pegg says that when he played with John in the group A Way of Life. Each drum usually has a top and a bottom hoop, one for each of the drum heads. var advelvetTargeting = []; var userType = 'guest'; // set the user type, available: guest, loggedin, paid He was commanding, precise, and efficient. This topic is now archived and is closed to further replies. This article was based on a tutorial from Reverb.com, which you can find on their YouTube channel here. Medium high on the batter. Also use a singleply resonant head with an inner plastic muffling ring. all paiste 2002 series. Mattacks was astounded when Bonham played the little 18 kick and it sounded just like a Led Zeppelin record! The diameter of the drum will determine the pitch. googletag.defineSlot('/143039214/drumforum_Primis', [1, 1], 'div-gpt-ad-drumforum_Primis').addService(googletag.pubads()); }); // START: Defining Adunits code: 'div-gpt-ad-drumforum_desktoptablet_1stguestpost_300x250', He played louder that many of his contemporaries, but he still had very well developed hand and foot technique. device: ['desktop'], // display only on device Not sure about the tuning, but also a big help with the "sound" of Bonzo was how the drums were recorded. size: [[300, 250]], adunit: 'drumforum_desktoptablet_1stguestpost_300x250', Right now I've a 22x14 Rogers and a 26x14 Ludwig. However with those clues, and some experimentation, I have come very close. John Bonham Drums Theres no way to notate it and it can be difficult to express, but technically speaking, this elusive rhythmic value sits right in between the second eighth-note of a beat and the third note of an eighth-note triplet in that same beat (see Ex. } Check out page 39 of the Autumn 2007 issue of TRAPS Magazine for a complete inventory of Bonhams setup by year, as well as a poignant feature on the man (which you can also be download at drummagazine.com/bonham). if(mainpage.indexOf(loc) >= 0) return 'mainpage'; assignToVariableName: false // false if not in use pageType: ['mainpage','post'], // display only on page type As much as Bonham enjoyed the funky syncopation of Good Times Bad Times and Over The Hills And Far Away, he would sometimes take the complete opposite approach, and the results were always stunning. On Kashmir, the group is in truly top form, working as one to create a work so singular and impressionable that many consider it their greatest achievement. Bomham had a technique where he would kep moving his left hand in time even after the note had been hit on the snare. This tuning is neither original or secret, but has been used by jazz drummers for decades. network: dfpNetwork, Very "old school". IMO, that vistalite kit sounded very dry and hollow compared to the maple. GUIA DE COMPRA PARA O SEU PRIMEIRO KIT DE BATERIA. Snare drum shells can also be made of metal. The one I am wanting to own would be the one he recorded " Kashmir and Levee Breaks. THE JOHN BONHAM SNARE DRUM SOUND TUNING - YouTube The resonant pitch is dependent on the size of the drum and the type of wood used. JavaScript is disabled. How To Add A Questlove Feel With The Drag Beats Precise Sloppiness, Quick Hits: Unlock The Magic Of The Paradiddle With These 5 Lessons, Heavier Than Hell: How to Play Black Dog and 5 Other John Bonham Beats, Tiger Bill: Developing Hand Speed & Control. Then tune the top head lug-pitch to about 1.5 times the fundamental frequency. The number of lugs can affect the tuning stability and the sound of the drum. I also recommend Paiste PST7, Meinl Classics, or Sabian APX if youre looking for a budget buy. var dfpSlots = []; Bonhams input on Kashmir went beyond the drums, though; it was apparently he that conceived of the main riff, a three-over-two polyrhythm (also called a hemiola) between himself and the other instruments. if(adUnits[i].pageType.indexOf(pageType) === -1) {adUnits[i].display = false; continue;} Superior Automotive quickly gained a well deserved reputation as one of the finest state-of-the . snare drum tuning with a tune bot (John Bonham sound) mike evangelista 567 subscribers Subscribe 276 Share 85K views 9 years ago a guide to help you tune your snare drum to that. Bonham used a rented Slingerland kit on the band's first European tour in the late 60's. Just make sure you dont fit it too tight youll lose all that lovely resonance if you do. STUDIO RSR - 126 Photos & 104 Reviews - 1041 S Leslie St, La Habra, CA The resonant head will shape the overtones, or resonance, of the drum. Bonham might often be remembered for his thunder, but he was essentially an R&B drummer playing in a hard rock band. userType: ['guest','loggedin'], // display only on user type If and when those Bonham disciples do find what theyre looking for, they end up paying a premium for it. Bonham particularly relied on sixtuplets at the sixteenth note level six notes in the place of four to provide a basis for most fill material. Also proper head selection is crucial. Apr 1, 2019 #2 ARGuy DFO Master. Here is another interesting tidbit. var mainpage = [ '/', 'index.html', 'index.htm', 'index.php', 'main.html', 'main.htm', 'homepage.html', 'index2.htm', '/forums/', '/board/index.php' ]; He got a full drum set at age fifteen, a Premier set, about the same time when I got mine although mine were Ludwig. Despite Bonhams occasionally Viking-like appearance, he was capable of phenomenal sensitivity on his instrument. Main takeaway for the 'Bonham' sound is everything is tuned tighter than you'd think. His first (only?) The snare drum is the loudest part of the drum set and is known for having a lot of attack but very little sustain. The main concept behind Bonhams tuning strategy was that he tensioned the resonant heads tighter than the batter heads. Wood & Weather Drum Shop. Take a look at the refined shadings of Bonhams entrance in No Quarter (Ex. I'd assume his first 6.5 is keystone since he got it with the maple kit. Here you can see him playing that kit. pageType: ['post'], // display only on page type What Makes the Ludwig Black Beauty So Great? - InSync Bonham used 42 strand snares on his snare drums. (Black or Green Sparkle). Joined Sep 4, 2006 . Now move on to the batter head and repeat the process you used for the bottom head. Additionally,inbetween this kit and the maple kit he had a Ludwig Black Diamond Pearl set for only a couple of months from December '68 - February '69 it can be seen in pictures from Gonzaga '68 and the Whiskey a go go in January of '69. Bonham preferred his coated heads to be pretty well worn for the ideal sound; notice, in any footage of him with a maple kit, that beautiful brown-gray patina in the center of his coated heads. Each drum has a range that contains the natural frequencies of that drum. Spartan, muscular, even downright menacing, the relentlessly heavy grooving of two songs in particular, Kashmir and When The Levee Breaks, remain the ultimate testament to the sheer power contained in a drum kit. any muffling for either drums? Dyno tune $750+ HPT credits. If you go to the Jeff Ocheltree video on the tuning of Bonham's drums, at one point he goes around each drum and strikes the top and bottom heads with a mallet. Watch the Ocheltree tree videos. Sound wise wouldn't make too much difference between the two, mainly would be how you set it up. John Bonham's drumming was as large as the lifestyle he led. }); Amber finish / Bass Drum hoops are Sable with Gold Sparkle Inlay. Need some infomation regarding the Snare John Bonham Played Legal Beat: Do You Need Permission To Upload A Cover Song To Youtube. Ludwig Vistalite Zep 5-piece Shell Pack with Snare Drum - Amber i was over da moon! Drum heads are generally made of different types of plastic: Generally speaking, if you play on a regular basis, its a good idea to change your batter heads every six months to a year. When mixed and matched, the eight figures in Ex. He did play an LM400 at one point and that might have been the snare on the first album, but I've seen very few pictures of it. adUnits.push({ device: ['desktop'], // display only on device To be able to tune like John first you have to have the same identical drum kit and heads that he used and from there it is tweeting around till you find that John Bonham sound. If you find a recording of a snare that you want to emulate, try to match that pitch. Tune the batter head to medium and the resonant head to medium-high. Use 30 or 40 strand snare wires for increased sensitivity, but make sure theyre not too tight so they dont choke the drum. adunit: 'drumforum_mobile_sticky_320x50', Your purchases also help protect forests, including trees traditionally used to make instruments. Instead, he says thinks like; "he tuned the bottom head WAY up", and "the bottom head would be tuned the way you would hear a snare drum being tuned". A3 is a fairly common pitch for snare drums. X. As you begin tuning your drum, youll need to seat the head by pressing down on the drum head with both your palms together. pageType: ['mainpage','post'], // display only on page type I play coated Ambassadors on the reso with coated Emps on top to get his sound. They are worthless, and will drive you mad. }); Rock drums (especially heavy metal drums) generally have larger toms than kits designed for jazz. userType: ['guest','loggedin'], // display only on user type This tuning is neither original or secret, but has been used by jazz drummers for decades. This setup should allow you to get those flowing tom flurries just right. Big kits and even bigger hits: Few drummers can match the enduring impact and appeal of JOHN BONHAM. Massachusetts-based shop specializing in vintage drums, cymbals and accessories. network: dfpNetwork, Bonham was very jazz influenced, and he liked that sound. Ahead Snare Drum revisin | radarmusical. 5c, notated on the floating staff below the second measure). He decided against using the more expensive brass-shelled drums. info@tune-bot.com That's how I got mine. Each type of head produces a different tone, and some are more durable than others. Tune the drums so theyre roughly a third apart, but dont be too focused on pitch. The tension of the resonant head is particularly important for tuning your toms. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Tuning below this range sounds muddy and dull, while tuning your drum above this range will make the sound thin and choked. That's the only one I suspect you could see a picture of and know which drum it is. This gives the drum a softer sound with less attack and sustain. Can somebody who really knows the gear of John Bonham please help me with the following infomation Year - Model - Shell Type - Thanks Phil . Previous image. device: ['mobile'], // display only on device Remo Ambassador on the kick resonant. device: ['mobile'], // display only on device The Ludwig Zep Set 5-piece shell pack is a re-creation of John Bonham's legendary acrylic set. TL;DR. John played and tuned his drums in a way that only a professional can. assignToVariableName: false // false if not in use } He said Bonham was to have a Black Sparkle kit for the American tour that never happened. John Bonham was self taught. googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); Large Classic Lugs. Very flexible yet easy to tune, its tone is what I was looking for. adUnits.push({ Gradually tune the drum up until its roughly at the same pitch as the bottom head. Different styles of music may call for different tunings. The right hand, normally playing the hi-hat on a downbeat, occupies the first of the three notes, followed by two swift right feet, fulfilling the triplet, and then followed by a release with both hands in unison on the hi-hat and snare. network: dfpNetwork, adunit: 'drumforum_desktop_midcontent_728x90', As with the bass drums, tune the reso heads up to a mediumhigh pitch and the batters to medium. Wed recommend a Ludwig LM402 Supraphonic 6.5-inch x 14-inch aluminum snare or an equivalent drum of the same size. Bonhams drum kit tuning.interesting info! - DRUMMERWORLD Toms are usually tuned a fourth apart (the first two notes of Here Comes the Bride). The shell is the wood body of the drum. adUnits.push({ The top head is called the batter head. He offered that he thought Bonham's tom resonants were tuned about 1/4 to 1/2 a turn tighter than his batters and his snare was tuned high with loose snares, but that was about all he went into tuning wise, besides citing it as a perpetual mystery that even Ochletree doesn't really address. Video: How to Make Your Kit Sound Like John Bonham's. Haven't ever seen a good photo of his snare where the badge is shown. There was a lot of engineering done on the LZ albums. userType: ['guest','loggedin'], // display only on user type if(adUnits[i].device.indexOf(device) === -1) {adUnits[i].display = false; continue;} Also, there's this misconception that he was a crazy hard hitter. Next, find the lugs that are within the 3 and 9 o'clock position and tune them to medium tension. To clean up undertones, stretch a felt strip across the shell of the drum, under the head and near the pedal attachment point. should i use a demo emperor coated on the bottom? A Reproduction of Bonham's Iconic Kit. Maple, birch, oak, cherry, and mahogany are common woods used for drums. Words: Andrew AndersonImage: Jeffrey Mayer. Bonham was very jazz influenced, and he liked that sound. The "big" drum sound is simply that. He employed this setup live as well, until 1973 when he introduced the world to what remains the most iconic kit of the Bonham legacy, the amber-colored acrylic drums from Ludwigs burgeoning Vistalite series. Before you fit it, place a felt strip under the head near where the pedal will hit. adunit: 'drumforum_mobile_footer_300x250', I have Ocheltree's DVD. The first thing you'll need to tune your drums is a drum key. Whether or not he ever "upgraded" to those new drums or rotated them in with any frequency is unknown. Like really good. Since the resonant head isnt directly struck, they can last longer than the top heads, but eventually theyll wear out and need replacement. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LMqHqADnREY, http://www.drummerworld.com/forums/showthread.php?t=61252. assignToVariableName: false // false if not in use Although its possible to tune drums to specific pitches, most drummers tune in relation to the other drums in the set. It's the most recorded snare drum in Rock and Roll history and was made famous in this size as the snare favored by John Bonham in Led Zeppelin. 5a is a delight to play the kind of phrase that feels like it was meant to be. Did he use any moon gel or stuff a duvet into the bass drum? r/Drums - The subreddit where drummers of all skill levels can discuss the world of percussion and share their grooves with the friendliest community on Earth. Since his drums were large in size, the sound is bigger than one would anticipate. Learn how to sound like the Led Zeppelin legend. These drums were always outfitted with Remo coated Emperor heads on the batter side and coated Ambassadors on the resonant side. Kick - John tuned like a lot (not all) of the jazz players. Make sure you have felt strips on plain coated heads with no porting for your kick drum. Carmine Appice's rare Ludwig kit is for sale on Reverb for $25,000. The bass drum was tuned quite high as well, which worked well due to the large size of the drum (he used a huge 26 bass drum!). This kit was outfitted with Remo clear Controlled Sound heads, notable for their design featuring a black Mylar reinforcement dot in the center. While drums generally arent tuned to specific pitches, they do need to be tuned to produce clear, full tones. var device = "desktop"; Drum tuning only requires a couple of basic items: While its not required, some drummers use two drum keys when tuning drum heads so they can tune opposing sides of the head at the same time, giving them equal tension. As you practice, you may notice the tone of the drums changing. size: [[320, 50]], Remo Ambassador on the kick resonant. When it comes to toms, Bonham used two and threetom configurations, usually with a 14 rack and a 16 and/or 18 floor toms. As youre tuning, tap the drum head lightly with a stick close to the edge of the head, using the rods as a guide. The bottom head of the drum is called the resonant head. Jimmy Page ended up scrapping a track the one time he did use a double pedal, because the guitarist deemed it too busy. }); 5b), played identically in both Stairway To Heaven and Night Flight. Also notice the inclusion of the figure in Ex. He creates a similar effect in the live version of Since Ive Been Loving You (Ex. Kick drums are usually tuned lower than the low E on a bass guitar. All other. From tuning to rudiments, our instructors have the knowledge and experience to have you quickly playing your favorite Rock songs on stage. Bonhams setup is one of the most widely documented (and employed) configurations in the history of rock. South Hadley, MA 01075. Here are some tuning basics by genre: Remember to use our drum tuning chart and experiment with different heads and tunings until you find your sound. Some really tasteful panning, eq, compression, and some downright beautiful sounding rooms. Press J to jump to the feed. assignToVariableName: false // false if not in use The claws are metal pieces that fit over the hoops to secure the hoops to the shell.

Immigration Miramar Appointment, Mekia Cox Baby, Mississippi High School Dandy Dozen, What Time Does Sacramento County Jail Release Inmates?, Best Criminal Defense Attorney In Columbus, Ohio, Articles J