public broadcasting in the united states quizlet

They require all stations that employ five or more full-time employees (defined as those regularly working 30 hours a week or more) to: Each licensee with five or more full-time employees must maintain records of its recruitment efforts and create and place in its public file (https://publicfiles.fcc.gov) an annual public file report listing specified information about its recruitment efforts. In many cases where there is interference on your television set or radio, the source of the problem could be with your equipment, which may not be adequately designed with circuitry or filtering to reject the unwanted signals of nearby transmitters. Lotteries Blanketing interference is a less common occurrence with television stations than with radio stations due to the location and height of TV transmitting antennas. Which of the following statements best characterizes media ownership in the United States? Frequencies used for broadcasting were to be held by the government, not owned by licensees. Submission of an audio or video tape, CD, DVD or other recording or transcript of the complained-of material is not required but is helpful, as is the specific name of the program, the on-air personality, song, or film, and the city and state in which the complainant saw or heard the broadcast. If the emergency information is provided visually during regular programming, such as through a screen crawl or scroll, the visual information must be accompanied with an aural tone to alert persons with visual disabilities that the station is providing this information, and that they should tune to the secondary audio stream where such information must be provided aurally. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 attempted to. Some program guides may use the symbol (D) to indicate that the program is audio described. All of the Title 47 rules can be found on the Government Printing Offices website, https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47. Whenever we review an application whether to build a new station, modify or renew the license of an existing station or sell a station we must determine if granting the application would serve the public interest. Bernie Sanders is best described as a _________, while Rand Paul is best described as a ________. Support for freedom of speech, a free internet, and the press is higher in the United States than in most other countries in the world. Once its application has been granted, the applicant is issued a construction permit that authorizes it to build the station within a specified period of time, usually three years. the National Public Radio (NPR) Public broadcasting in the United States [19] PBS would later acquire Educational Television Stations, an organization founded by the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB), in 1973.[20][21][22]. With respect to the display of Internet website addresses during childrens programming, the Commission permits them to be displayed during program material (in a crawl or scroll at the bottom of the screen, for example) only if the website: 1) offers a substantial amount of bona fide program-related or other noncommercial content; 2) is not primarily intended for commercial purposes, including either e-commerce or advertising; 3) the websites home page and other menu pages are clearly labeled to distinguish the noncommercial from the commercial sections; and 4) the page of the website to which viewers are directed by the website address is not used for e-commerce, advertising, or other commercial purposes (e.g., contains no links labeled store and no links to another page with commercial material). We release a document called a Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) in which we explain the new rules or rule changes being proposed and establish a filing deadline for the public to comment. Obscene material is not protected by the First Amendment and cannot be broadcast at any time. Except as required by the Communications Act, including the use of stations by candidates for public office, licensees have no obligation to allow any particular person or group to participate in a broadcast or to present that person or groups remarks. 833683368336 is issued to replenish the fund, based on the following summary of petty cash receipts: office supplies, $295\$295$295; miscellaneous selling expense, $120\$120$120; miscellaneous administrative expense, $75\$75$75. Noncommercial stations are not entitled to compensation in return for carriage on a cable or satellite system, but they may request mandatory carriage on the system. Educational and Informational Programming. Public Participation in the Licensing Process Display of Internet Website Addresses Except for the requirements concerning political advertisements, the limits on the number of commercials that can be aired during childrens programming and the prohibition of advertisements over noncommercial educational stations, the Commission does not regulate a licensees business practices, such as its advertising rates or its profits. The FCC and Freedom of Speech For example, casino gambling is generally considered to be a lottery subject to the terms of the advertising restriction although, as discussed below, the prohibition is not applied to truthful advertisements for lawful casino gambling. Which of the following is an example of a public broadcasting organization Public Broadcasting in the United States accounts for a much smaller share of the media market than in other Western democracies, such as France, Germany, and Denmark. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. The Commission applies these limits to all video programming, free or pay, directed to children 12 and under. If you have any concerns about a local station including its general operation, programming or other matters make your opinion known to the licensee and, if necessary, advise us of your concerns so we can look into the matter. The rules also provide certain exemptions from the captioning requirements. (with the notable exceptions of the United States, Mexico and Brazil). For a more complete description of these procedures and requirements, see https://www.fcc.gov/media/television/broadcast-television-license-renewal for television for television, and https:www.fcc.gov/media/radio/broadcast-radio-license-renewal for radio. Libertarianism is a political ideology that emphasizes freedom and voluntary association with small government. Our role in overseeing program content is very limited. Apparatus Requirements for Emergency Information and Video Description Support for continuing CPB funding by liberals, independents and many conservatives in Congress has led to many of these efforts being defeated at the federal level, although there have been successful attempts to reduce though not eliminate funding for public television stations by some state legislatures. Again, please note that a complaint submitted through the File a Consumer Complaint link on the FCCs website will NOT be treated as a petition to deny or informal objection against a stations pending application. A station that broadcasts or advertises information about a contest that it conducts must fully and accurately disclose the material terms of the contest and must conduct the contest substantially as announced or advertised over-the-air or on the Internet. Sponsorship Identification The descriptions are inserted into natural pauses in a programs dialogue and are designed to make TV programming more accessible to individuals who are blind or visually impaired. Underwriting Announcements on Noncommercial Educational Stations In this regard, the Commission has observed that the public interest is best served by permitting free expression of views. However, the right to broadcast material is not absolute. If a station airs a disclaimer before the broadcast that clearly characterizes the program as fiction and the disclaimer is presented in a reasonable manner under the circumstances, the program is presumed not to pose foreseeable public harm. This material may be the subject of possible Commission enforcement action if it is broadcast within the same time period applicable to indecent programming: between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. How to File an Obscenity, Indecency, or Profanity Complaint. Loud Commercials. At the same time, nonprofit broadcasting fell to only 2 percent of the market (McChesney, 1992). A number of public stations are completely independent of these programming services, producing all or most of their content themselves. Golden Age of American radio, period lasting roughly from 1930 through the 1940s, when the medium of commercial broadcast radio grew into the fabric of daily life in the United States, providing news and entertainment to a country struggling with economic depression and war. How the FCC Adopts Rules. Because the Commission cannot dictate to licensees what programming they air, each individual radio and TV station licensee generally has discretion to select what its station broadcasts and to otherwise determine how it can best serve its community of license. Records Concerning Children's Programming Commercial Limits The Commissions rules impose certain obligations on licensees to resolve these interference complaints. It may also include any additional community or communities, as long as it first names the community to which it is licensed by the FCC. The FCCs Structure and the Media Bureau Digital subscription models in which people pay to access news content has proven to be a profitable approach for many elite, national newspapers but not for smaller or mid-sized local newspapers. Political File (73.3526(e)(6), 73.3527(e)(5)) (retain for two years). Federal law prohibits the airing of advertising for cigarettes, little cigars, smokeless tobacco, and chewing tobacco on radio, TV, or any other medium of electronic communication under the FCC's jurisdiction. Applications and Related Materials This is called "blanketing" interference. Under Category A of the processing guidelines, television licensees are eligible for routine staff-level approval of the children's television programming portion of their renewal applications if they air either (i) three hours per week (as averaged over a six month period) of Core Programming or (ii) 156 hours of Core Programming annually, including at least 26 hours per quarter of regularly scheduled weekly programming of at least 30 minutes in length and up to 52 hours annually of Core Programs of at least 30 minutes in length that are not aired on a regularly scheduled weekly basis, such as educational specials and regularly scheduled non-weekly programming. Video Description The station conducting the contest must disclose material terms either through periodic disclosures broadcast on the station, or written disclosures on the stations Internet website, the licensees website, or if neither the individual station nor the licensee has its own website, any Internet website that is publicly accessible. Login . Instead, we usually defer to the parties, courts, or other agencies to resolve these disputes. Broadcasters are required to upload only those items required to be in the public file but not otherwise filed with the Commission or available in a Commission database. These devices must include a simple and easy to use mechanism for accessing closed captioning and video description. A license would be issued only if About _______ percent of southern white families owned slaves in 1840. A complaint can also be filed with the FCCs Consumer Call Center at 1-888-CALL-FCC (1-888-225-5322, voice) or 1-888-TELL-FCC (1-888-835-5322, TTY). What about cable, satellite TV and satellite radio? Indecent and profane content are prohibited on broadcast TV and radio between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m., when there is a reasonable risk that children may be in the audience. Find more in-depth explorations of public broadcasting by following the links below: 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA The first slaves were brought to what would become the United States in ________. For additional information about digital radio, see https://www.fcc.gov/media/radio/digital-radio. Unlike the mandatory digital transition deadline for television stations, radio stations can continue to operate in analog and have discretion whether also to transmit in digital and, if so, when to begin operating digitally. NPRs digital platforms continue to be an important part of its reach. (Licensees were formerly required to file an EEO mid-term report -- FCC Form 397 -- at the mid-point of the license term, but that requirement was eliminated in 2019. You can find links to our rules on the Commission website at https://www.fcc.gov/wireless/bureau-divisions/technologies-systems-and-innovation-division/rules-regulations-title-47. The Montgomery bus boycott began after ______ refused to give up her seat for a white man. Broadcasting obscene content is prohibited by law at all times of the day. Silhouette images from motion picture films were broadcast to the general public on a regular basis, at a resolution of just 48 lines. If you do not file an on-line complaint at https://consumercomplaints.fcc.gov/hc/en-us, at a minimum your complaint should indicate: (1) the call letters of the station; (2) the city and state in which the station is located; (3) the name, time, and date of the specific program or advertisement in question, if applicable; (4) the name of anyone contacted at the station, if applicable; and (5) a statement of the problem, as specific as possible, together with an audio or video tape, CD, DVD or other recording or transcript of the program or advertisement that is the subject of your complaint (if possible). However, the advertising of smoking accessories, cigars, pipes, pipe tobacco, or cigarette-making machines is not prohibited. Contents of the File Each commercial and noncommercial station also must maintain a public inspection file on the FCCs website https://publicfiles.fcc.gov/ that contains these reports, as well as other materials pertaining to the stations operations and dealings with the FCC and with the community it is licensed to serve. Public broadcasting refers to any television, radio, and digital media that receives funding from the public through license fees, subsidies, or tax dollars. Each licensee, regardless of size, must file an FCC Form 396 EEO Program Report with its license renewal application. More information about the Commissions childrens television requirements can be viewed at https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/childrens-educational-television, and https://www.fcc.gov/media/television/childrens-educational-television-reporting-form-2100-schedule-h. Station-Conducted Contests. The "peculiar institution" was a phrase used by southerners describe What was the result of the Compromise of 1877? While the details about public sources of revenue were unavailable for this analysis, NewsHour did provide information about its breakdown of nonpublic funding. Many member stations have also aired distance education and other instructional television programs for use in public and private schools and adult education courses (since the 2000s, many public television stations have relegated these programs to digital subchannels that the station may maintain or exclusively via the Internet). Information on Third-Party Fundraising by NCE stations Comments or Complaints About a Station At the close of this period, the licensee must renew its stations license. Nevertheless, there are two issues related to broadcast journalism that are subject to Commission regulation: hoaxes and news distortion. On the television side, NewsHour derives its revenue from a variety of sources, including PBS, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) and a mix of nonpublic streams such as corporations, individual giving and foundations. The Federal Trade Commission has primary responsibility for determining whether an advertisement is false or deceptive and for taking action against the sponsor. Similarly, if the emergency information is presented visually, it must be made accessible for persons who are blind or visually impaired. Political File PBS: Public Broadcasting Service Is WTTW your local station? We give full consideration to the broadcast complaints, comments, and other inquiries that the Commission receives. Additionally, the purpose of this Manual is to provide you with the basic tools necessary to ensure that the stations licensed to serve you meet their obligations and provide high quality broadcast service. Subliminal ProgrammingBlanketing Interference Letters to station and network officials keep them informed about audience needs and interests, as well as on public opinion on specific material and practices. In 2012, the FCC modernized its public inspection file requirements by mandating that full power and Class A TV stations make their public inspection files available through a Commission-hosted online public file, https://publicfiles.fcc.gov. At the national level, NPRs total operating revenue in 2020 was $270.1 million, roughly the same as 2019. There is a very plausible argument that public service broadcasting (PSB), as an idea and a set of institutions, was one of the singular, great creations of the 20th century. PBS and public independent stations also produce programs of local interest, including local newscasts and/or newsmagazines, public affairs shows, documentaries, and in some areas, gavel-to-gavel coverage of state legislative proceedings. The items required to be in a stations public file, the rule section requiring the filing, and the retention period for each item are listed below. The amount of cash in the petty cash fund is now $294\$294$294. How to Resolve Blanketing Interference ProblemsOther Interference IssuesThe Local Public Inspection File Other Types of Applications. Subliminal Programming. Accessible User Interfaces. Obscene, Indecent, or Profane Programming Lotteries conducted by a state acting under the authority of state law, when the advertisement or information is broadcast by a radio or TV station licensed to a location in that state or in any other state that conducts such a lottery; Gambling conducted by an Indian Tribe under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act; Lotteries authorized or not otherwise prohibited by the state in which they are conducted, and that are conducted by a not-for-profit organization or a governmental organization; and. All the major broadcast networks and most of the major cable networks encode their programming with this ratings information to work with the V-Chip. The goal of this policy is to help children distinguish between commercials and program content. The public can determine whether they are within a stations blanketing contour by consulting contour maps in the stations public inspection file to see if they reside in close proximity to the offending stations transmitter site. Time Brokerage Agreements The fastest and easiest way to file a complaint on this or any other broadcast issue is to go to the FCCs complaint page at https://consumercomplaints.fcc.gov/hc/en-us. Stations must also comply with the Communications Act, the Commissions rules, and the terms of the station's license. there is a division of opinion among conservatives, with pro-business conservatives accepting immigration and social conservatives strongly opposing immigration to the United States. [2] Donations are widely dispersed to stations and producers, giving the system a resilience and broad base of support but diffusing authority and impeding decisive change and priority-setting.[3]. Individual stations, such as New Yorks WNYC and Chicagos WBEZ, produce nationally syndicated original journalism as well. Additional information on the closed captioning requirements can be found on the FCCs website at https://www.fcc.gov/general/closed-captioning-video-programming-television. The Commission recognizes that, under our Constitution, people must be free to say things that the majority may abhor, not only what most people may find tolerable or congenial. Licensee Discretion. Entities subject to commercial time limits under the CTA may not display a website address during or adjacent to a program if, at that time, on pages that are primarily devoted to free noncommercial content regarding that specific program or a character appearing in the program: 1) products are sold that feature a character appearing on that program; or 2) a character appearing in that program is used to actively sell products. On the whole, the news offerings of U.S. public broadcasters have been marked by relative financial stability and audience. Please include your name and address if you would like information on the final disposition of your complaint; you may request confidentiality. B. Childrens Television Programming. Display of Internet Website Addresses. However, if you believe that an advertisement is offensive because of the nature of the item advertised, the scheduling of the announcement, or the way the message is presented, you should consider addressing your complaint directly to the station or network involved, providing the date and time of the broadcast and the product or advertiser in question. As stated above, we encourage you to first contact the station or network directly about programming and operating issues. Since 2000, all sets manufactured with screens 13 inches or larger must contain the V-Chip technology. The FCC was vested with broader regulatory authority that included all radiotelephone activity, including the newly developing broadcast media FM radio and television, and added interstate telegraph and telephone communication (which had previously been under the control of the Interstate Commerce Commission) and wire and wireless common carrier Effective technical assistance does not mean referring the complainant to the equipment manufacturer. liberty, equality of opportunity, and democracy. However, federal law prohibits fraud by wire, radio or television including situations in which money solicited for one purpose is used for another and doing so may lead to FCC sanctions, as well as to criminal prosecution by the U.S. Department of Justice. Please note that a complaint submitted through the File a Consumer Complaint link on the FCCs website will NOT be treated as a petition to deny or informal objection against a stations license renewal application. At the request of 39 members of the U.S. House of Representatives, the FCC conducted a proceeding asking the publics comment on violent programming. It is the world's oldest listener-supported radio network. Music stations are probably best known for playing classical music, although other formats are offered, including the time-honored "eclectic" music format that is rather freeform in nature common among college radio stations. The FCC requires all licensees of radio and TV stations afford equal opportunity in employment. There are three applications of this separation principle: 1) bumpers between program and advertising content (e.g., and now for a commercial break); 2) the host selling policy, which prohibits the use of program talent to deliver commercials; and 3) program-length commercials (PLC), which the Commission defines as a program associated with a product in which commercials for that product are aired (when a PLC occurs, then the entire program is considered a commercial). Most communities also have public-access television channels on local cable television systems, which are generally paid for by cable television franchise fees and sometimes supported in part through citizen donations. Cable Television - Where to File Complaints Regarding Cable Service, Online Public Inspection File Access and Information, Public, Educational, and Governmental Access Channels ("PEG Channels"), Television Broadcast Stations on Satellite, Video Competition and Price Survey Reports. While program and production expenses comprise only a portion of overall station expenses, an increase in these kinds of expenditures indicates that the stations are directing more dollars toward the creation of news content. (Traditional radio listening is terrestrial, i.e., coming from radio broadcast towers rather than satellites or the internet.) False or Misleading Advertising Lotteries. Purpose of the File The FCC licenses FM radio and full power TV stations as either commercial or noncommercial educational (NCE). The FCC also requires television stations to make the local emergency information that they provide to viewers accessible to persons with disabilities. These reports must be filed electronically with the FCC annually and placed in each stations online public inspection file, which can be viewed on the FCCs website at https://publicfiles.fcc.gov. Official station identification includes the stations call letters, followed by the community specified in its license as the stations location. NPR also receives some direct funding from private donors, foundations, and from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. The applicant must demonstrate that it is qualified to construct and operate the station as specified in its application and that its proposed facility will not cause objectionable interference to any other station. cornell application graduate; conflict of nations: world war 3 unblocked; stone's throw farm shelbyville, ky; words to describe a supermodel; navy board schedule fy22 In classical political theory, a liberal was closest to what we refer to as today an expansion in governmental social services. It also protects broadcasts that criticize or ridicule established customs and institutions, including the government and its officials. Access to Emergency Information The U.S. public broadcasting system differs from such systems in other countries, in that the principal public television and radio broadcasters the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and National Public Radio (NPR), respectively operate as technically separate entities. Children's Television Programming The Public and Broadcasting Manual Children's Television Programming Reports Citizen Agreements Political File Material Relating to an FCC Investigation or Complaint Issues/Programs Lists Donor Lists for Non-Commercial Educational Channels ("NCEs") Records Concerning Children's Programming Commercial Limits Local Public Notice Announcements Closed Captioning. More information about this ratings program, including a description of each ratings category, can be found at https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/v-chip-putting-restrictions-what-yo. Station Identification. https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/v-chip-putting-restrictions-what-yo https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/childrens-educational-television, https://www.fcc.gov/media/television/childrens-educational-television-reporting-form-2100-schedule-h, https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/broadcasting-contests-lotteries-and-solicitation-funds. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) reserved the lower 5 frequencies of the band between 42.1 and 42.9 MHz for such stations; when the FM band moved in 1945 to 88-106MHz (later expanded to 108MHz), the frequencies from 88.1 to 91.9MHz were set aside for non-commercial educational stations,[9] though they are not limited to those frequencies[10] (for example, WFIU in Bloomington, Indiana has its FM frequency at 103.7MHz). [1], Individual stations and programs rely on highly varied proportions of funding. . For additional information concerning this requirement, see https://www.fcc.gov/television-and-set-top-box-controls-menus-program-guides. Check No. We at the FCC want you to become involved, if you have any concerns about a local station including its general operation, programming or other matters by making your opinion known to the licensee and, if necessary, by advising us of those concerns so that we can take appropriate action. Programming Access. In the Commercial Advertisement Loudness Mitigation (CALM) Act, Congress directed the FCC to establish rules that require broadcasters and pay TV providers ensure the commercials they transmit to viewers comply with an industry-developed technical standard, the Advanced Television Systems Committees A/85 Recommended Practice. Which of the following is an example of a public broadcasting organization? Renewal Applications. https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/broadcasting-contests-lotteries-and https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/recording-telephone-conversations, https://www.fcc.gov/general/closed-captioning-video-programming-television, https://www.fcc.gov/general/closed-captioning-video-programming-delivered-using-internet-protocol-ip, https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/audio-description, Accessibility of Emergency Information on Television, https://www.fcc.gov/television-and-set-top-box-controls-menus-program-guides, https://licensing.fcc.gov/prod/cdbs/pubacc/prod/eeo_search.htm, https:/enterpriseefiling.fcc.gov/dataentry/public/tv/lmsDatabase.html, https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/eeo-rules-and-policies-radio-and-broadcast-and-non-broadcast-tv, https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/fccs-payola-rules, https://www.fcc.gov/media/radio/nature-of-educational-broadcasting. Facts of the case. Meaning of public broadcasting. Before a party can build a new TV or radio station, it first must apply to the FCC for a construction permit. Soliciting Funds. The FCC had reserved almost 250 broadcast frequencies for use as educational television stations in 1953, though by 1960, only 44 stations allocated for educational use had begun operations. The FCC and Freedom of Speech. However, absent such a compelling showing, the Commission will not intervene. For additional information about the rule concerning lotteries, see https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/broadcasting-contests-lotteries-and-solicitation-funds. Houston's KUHT was the nation's first public television station, and signed on the air on May 25, 1953 from the campus of the University of Houston. Fax: (202) 418-0232 Which of the following statements best describes current controversies about immigration among conservatives? Receivers are being marketed that incorporate both modes of reception, with the ability to automatically switch to the analog signal if the digital signal cannot be detected or is lost by the receiver.

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